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Business LibreTexts

4: Research and Development

  • Anonymous
  • LibreTexts

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  • 4.1: Cradle to Cradle
    This page discusses the evolution of design approaches from cradle to grave to cradle to cradle, emphasizing the entire lifecycle of products. The shift acknowledges environmental concerns and the need to internalize costs. Cradle to cradle design encourages innovative manufacturing and recycling, striving for zero waste. Products that adhere to this philosophy can achieve Cradle to Cradle certification, signifying a strong commitment to sustainability.
  • 4.2: Biomimicry
    This page discusses biomimicry as a sustainable innovation method inspired by nature, focusing on three perspectives: nature as model, measure, and mentor. It highlights examples like Japan's Shinkansen Bullet Train, G3i's GreenShield, and the Eastgate Building in Zimbabwe, all utilizing natural designs for efficiency. The Biomimicry Institute offers resources for businesses to implement these methods.
  • 4.3: Life Cycle Analysis
    This page discusses the significance of life cycle analysis (LCA) for businesses assessing environmental impacts. LCA involves goal definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. It identifies opportunities for environmental improvement but has limitations, including being product-specific and primarily environmental-focused. Despite these challenges, LCA is considered the most effective model for evaluating the environmental impacts of products and processes.
  • 4.4: Crowdsourcing
    This page discusses how organizations can utilize crowdsourcing to creatively solve problems by engaging a wide array of participants online, which reduces costs and improves product development. It highlights platforms like InnoCentive that connect businesses with a community of problem solvers. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of sustainability in driving innovation in research and design, encouraging companies to adapt and effectively tackle challenges.


This page titled 4: Research and Development is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Anonymous.

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