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7.5: Operating Budget

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Operating budgets include separate budgets for each of three key line items on the income statement.

  1. Sales budget
  2. Cost of goods sold budget *

    * To prepare the cost of goods sold budget, a manufacturer first prepares the following five supporting budgets:

    a. production budget

    Requires sales budget result

    b. direct materials purchases budget

    Requires production budget result

    c. direct materials cost budget

    Requires materials purchases budget result

    d. direct labor cost budget

    Requires production budget result

    e. factory overhead budget

    Independent of previous budgets

  3. Selling and administrative budget

    The results of all the individual operating budgets are combined to present a budgeted income statement, which culminates with the anticipated amount of net income.

    To illustrate, two distinct master budgets for 2019 for two different manufacturing companies will be presented side by side.

    The first company makes only one product, a 42” art deco replica of the Statue of Liberty, which it sells to wholesalers and souvenir shops. Only one direct material, metal, is used in producing these statues.

    The second company makes protective headgear and produces two products: bicycle helmets and ski helmets. Each type of headgear requires two direct materials: plastic and foam lining.

    The best approach is to first review the budgets for the statue souvenirs in the left column of the side-by-side budgets. It is the simpler of the two since it covers only one product that uses one direct material. It illustrates the basic concepts. The budgets for the helmets are similar to those for the statues, but they are a bit more complex since two products and two direct materials are involved. The manufacture of the helmets occurs in two departments: forming and assembly.

    The following information will be used to prepare a sales budget, production budget, direct materials purchases budget, direct materials cost budget, direct labor cost budget, factory overhead budget, selling and administrative budget, and budgeted income statement. The data in the left column is for the statue souvenirs; the information in the right column is for the helmets.

    Statue Souvenirs (1 product and 1 direct material)

    Estimated sales volume

    3,000 units

    Selling price per unit

    $200

       

    Estimated inventory of completed units on Jan. 1

    2,600 units

    Desired inventory of completed units on Dec. 31

    600 units

       

    Number of pounds of metal per completed unit

    8.6 pounds

    Price per pound of metal

    $6

       

    Estimated inventory of metal on Jan. 1

    1,800 pounds, $10,800

    Desired inventory of metal on Dec. 31

    300 pounds, 1,800

       

    Time spent for direct labor per completed unit

    5 hours

    Direct labor rate per hour

    $10

       

    Estimated factory overhead costs for the year:

     

     Supervisor salary

    $7,600

     Utilities

    1,900

     Indirect materials

    1,700

     Depreciation

    800

       

    Estimated work in process on Jan. 1

    $25,100

    Desired work in process on Dec. 31

    3,100

       

    Estimated finished goods on Jan. 1

    $36,700

    Desired finished goods on Dec. 31

    9,400

       

    Estimated selling costs for the year:

     

     Advertising expense

    $16,300

     Sales commissions expense

    14,100

     Utilities expense

    12,000

       

    Estimated administrative costs for the year:

     

     Salaries expense

    $87,700

     Utilities expense

    11,400

     Office supplies expense

    5,600

       

    Estimated tax rate

    20%

    Bicycle and Ski Helmets (2 products and 2 direct materials)

    Estimated sales volume

     

     Bicycle helmets

    2,600 units

     Ski helmets

    4,800 units

       

    Selling price per unit

     

     Bicycle helmets

    $50 per unit

     Ski helmets

    $130 per unit

       

    Estimated inventory of completed units on Jan. 1

     

     Bicycle helmets (@ $24 per unit)

    110 units

     Ski helmets (@ $95 per unit)

    320 units

       

    Desired inventory of completed units on Dec. 31

     

     Bicycle helmets (@ $25 per unit)

    150 units

     Ski helmets (@ $93 per unit)

    280 units

       

    Number of pounds of plastic per completed unit

     

     Bicycle helmets

    0.8 pounds

     Ski helmets

    1.6 pounds

       

    Number of pounds of foam lining per completed unit

     

     Bicycle helmets

    0.3 pounds

     Ski helmets

    0.6 pounds

       

    Price per pound of plastic

    $4

    Price per pound of lining

    $2

       

    Estimated inventory of plastic on Jan. 1

    120 pounds

    Desired inventory of plastic on Dec. 31

    90 pounds

       

    Estimated inventory of foam lining on Jan. 1

    100 pounds

    Desired inventory of foam lining on Dec. 31

    140 pounds

       

    Estimated bicycle work in process on Jan. 1 (@$15)

    450 units

    Estimated bicycle work in process on Dec. 31 (@$10)

    610 units

    Estimated ski work in process on Jan. 1 (@$70)

    520 units

    Estimated ski work in process on Dec. 31 (@$40)

    500 units

       

    Number of direct labor hours of forming per completed unit

     

     Bicycle helmets

    0.2 hours

     Ski helmets

    0.4 hours

       

    Number of direct labor hours of assembly per completed unit

     

     Bicycle helmets

    0.6 hours

     Ski helmets

    1.2 hours

       

    Direct labor rate per hour for forming

    $15

    Direct labor rate per hour for assembly

    $12

       

    Estimated factory overhead costs for the year:

     

     Indirect factory wages

    $59,900

     Depreciation plant and equipment

    8,700

     Utilities

    2,800

     Insurance and property tax

    1,600

       

    Estimated selling costs for the year:

     

     Sales salaries expense

    $129,200

     Advertising expense

    60,800

     Telephone expense – selling

    4,100

     Travel expense – selling

    6,300

       

    Estimated administrative costs for the year:

     

     Office salaries expense

    $22,700

     Depreciation expense – office

    2,600

     Telephone expense – office

    900

     Office supplies expense

    800

     Miscellaneous office expense

    700

       

    Estimated tax rate

    25%


This page titled 7.5: Operating Budget is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Christine Jonick (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.

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