2.23: CRJ OER 1.2 Multiple Choice Questions (32)

The highest court in the United States; composed of eight associate Justices and one Chief Justice.

• Infancy Defense
• Common Law
• United States Supreme Court
• Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure

An elected body, such as Congress, that has the constitutional authority to make laws.

• Legislature
• Dual Federalism
• Plea Bargain
• Trial Court

Rules promulgated by the SCOTUS that govern how federal criminal prosecutions are conducted.

• Unconstitutional
• Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
• SCOTUS
• Efficiency

An argument that the components of the criminal justice system are in conflict, and that there is actually no system at all.

• Juvenile Justice
• Fairness
• United States Supreme Court
• Non-system Argument

The constitutional idea that the criminal justice system must treat people in a fundamentally fair way.

• Executive Branch
• Dual Court System
• Hierarchical
• Procedural Due Process

A negotiated agreement between the prosecution and the defendant where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser crime than that originally charged, or to a lesser sentence than can normally be expected if the case goes to trial.

• Juvenile Justice
• Plea Bargain
• Hierarchical
• Three Branches of Government

A body of fundamental principles by which a nation or state is governed.

• Plea Bargain
• Due Process
• Trial Court
• Constitution

The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States; relies heavily on judicial decisions.

• Common Law
• Decisions (courts)
• Appellate Court
• Trial Court

A system of government like that of the United States where there are both national and state governments.

• Procedural Due Process
• Due Process
• Trial Court
• Dual Federalism

The court system of a country or state; judges taken collectively.

• Code
• Judiciary
• Efficiency
• Procedural Due Process

The ___________________ established by the Constitution are the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

• Code
• SCOTUS
• Due Process
• Three Branches of Government

Not in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of a particular state.

• Judiciary
• Penal Code
• Unconstitutional
• Dual Court System

A body of statutes that specify crimes and their punishments; more commonly referred to as the substantive criminal law or the criminal code.

• SCOTUS
• Due Process
• Penal Code
• Unconstitutional

The mission of the __________________ is to collect, analyze, publish, and disseminate information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government.

• Juvenile Justice
• Effectiveness
• Bureau of Justice Statistics
• Executive Branch

An organizational structure where elements are arranged by rank.

• Three Branches of Government
• Judicial Review
• Hierarchical
• Legislature

Carrying out justice system activities with proper regard for equity, proportionality, constitutional protections afforded defendants and convicted offenders, and public safety.

• Effectiveness
• Penal Code
• Judiciary
• Non-system Argument

The branch of government tasked with the administration of public affairs, and the enforcement of laws and policies.

• Judicial Review
• Hierarchical
• Trial Court
• Executive Branch

A group of interrelated parts that work together to accomplish a common set of objectives.

• Legislature
• Bureau of Justice Statistics
• Unconstitutional
• System

A court having original jurisdiction in criminal matters as opposed to an appellate court.

• Trial Court
• Congress of the United States
• Effectiveness
• Efficiency

The power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of legislative enactments.

• Unconstitutional
• Constitution
• Judicial Review
• Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure

A comprehensive set of laws arranged by subject.

• Judiciary
• Code
• Legislature
• Judicial Review

A court that is empowered to rehear cases originating in a trial court.

• United States Supreme Court
• Judicial Review
• Hierarchical
• Appellate Court

Economically applying available resources to accomplish statutory goals as well as to improve public safety.

• Three Branches of Government
• Efficiency
• Nonsystem Argument
• Judicial Review

The common law doctrine that very young children were incapable of forming a culpable mental state, and thus were not subject to criminal prosecution.

• Infancy Defense
• Unconstitutional
• Appellate Court
• Juvenile Justice

The legislative branch of the United States government, composed of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate.

• Decisions (courts)
• Congress of the United States
• Due Process
• Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure

Supreme Court of the United States

• Due Process
• SCOTUS
• Constitution
• Common Law

The constitutional guarantee that a defendant will receive fair and impartial treatment by the criminal justice system.

• Efficiency
• Decisions (courts)
• Fairness
• Due Process

The portion of the United States Code or the Code of an individual state that deals with criminal law.

• Dual Court System
• United States Supreme Court
• Criminal Code
• Nonsystem Argument

The written opinions of appellate courts that have the force of law in common law countries like the United States.

• United States Supreme Court
• Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
• Decisions (courts)
• Judiciary

A term describing the American governmental structure characterized by having both state courts and federal courts.

• SCOTUS
• Judicial Review
• United States Supreme Court
• Dual Court System

Justice issues such as assuring equal treatment and handling of like offenders and giving equal weight to legally relevant factors in sentencing.

• Congress of the United States
• Criminal Code
• Fairness
• Plea Bargain

Elements of the criminal justice system designed to deal with lawbreaking by those not old enough to enter the adult system.

• Juvenile Justice
• Code
• Nonsystem Argument
• Three Branches of Government

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