6.2: Units manufactured equals units sold
The following is a side-by-side comparison of variable and absorption costing income statements when 15,000 units have been manufactured and 15,000 units have been sold.
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Variable Costing Income Statement |
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Sales |
$750,000 |
15,000 x $50 |
• Variable cost of goods sold equals the 15,000 units sold times the variable manufacturing cost per unit of $25. |
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Variable cost of goods sold |
375,000 |
15,000 x $25 |
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Manufacturing margin |
$375,000 |
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Variable selling and administrative expenses |
75,000 |
15,000 x $5 |
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Contribution margin |
$300,000 |
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Fixed costs: |
•
Variable selling
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Fixed manufacturing costs |
$150,000 |
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Fixed selling and administrative expenses |
50,000 |
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Total fixed costs |
200,000 |
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Operating income |
$100,000 |
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Absorption Costing Income Statement |
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Sales |
$750,000 |
15,000 x $50 |
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Cost of goods sold |
525,000 |
15,000 x ($25 + $10) |
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Gross profit |
$225,000 |
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Selling and administrative expenses |
125,000 |
(15,000 x $5) + 50,000 |
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Operating income |
$100,000 |
Note that the operating income on both the variable costing and absorption costing income statements is the same, $100,000. This will always be the case when the number of units manufactured equals the number of units sold because there is no change in the number of units in inventory. The beginning and ending number of units in inventory are the same since the number of units added is the same as the number removed.