2.39: CRJ OER CJ CH 1A Multiple Choice Questions (40)

An Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that prohibits states from violating people’s due process rights.

• • Equity
  • Police
  • Criminal Justice System
  • Fourteenth Amendment

Individual rights protected by law from violation by the government.

• • Civil Liberties
  • Adversarial System
  • Discretion
  • Parole

Treating everyone the same.

• • Discretion
  • Parole
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Equality

A trial without a jury, in which the judge serves as the fact-finder.

• • Bench Trial
  • Individual Rights
  • Due Process Clause
  • Finder of Fact

A person (such as a judge) or a group of people (such as a jury) who are responsible for determining the facts in a trial or other legal proceeding.

• • Finder of Fact
  • U.S. Code
  • Equity
  • Justice

The several sets of agencies and processes established by governments to prevent and control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws.

• • Due Process
  • Due Process Clause
  • Fifth Amendment
  • Criminal Justice System

A civil (rather than military) force tasked with the prevention and detection of crime and disorder, as well as many service functions.

• • Judge
  • U.S. Code
  • Sheriff’s Deputies
  • Police

A complex concept involving the ideas of fairness and conformity to the law.

• • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Rule of Law
  • Justice
  • Equity

Doctrine that says evidence obtained in violation of a criminal defendant’s constitutional or statutory rights is not admissible at trial.

• • Defendant
  • Rule of Law
  • Exclusionary Rule
  • Equity

Government entity authorized to resolve legal disputes.

• • Court
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Parole
  • Probation

Both the Fifth and the Fourteenth Amendments contain a __________________ that protect people from fundamentally unfair practices by the criminal justice system.

• • Due Process Clause
  • Prosecutor
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Bill of Rights

The principle of government by established law rather than the will of a group or individual.

• • Exclusionary Rule
  • Rule of Law
  • Bill of Rights
  • Retributive Justice

Imprisonment is the same as ___________________

• • Due Process
  • Bill of Rights
  • Incarceration
  • Corrections

Instead of sending an individual to prison, the court releases the person to the community and orders him or her to complete a period of supervision and to abide by certain conditions.

• • Trial by Jury
  • Jail
  • Probation
  • Defendant

An official of the Judicial branch with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts.

• • Jail
  • Finder of Fact
  • Parole
  • Judge

A Latin legal phrase signifying the law of retaliation, whereby criminals are punished to the same degree and kind as the harm done by their crimes.

• • Lex Talionis
  • Criminal Justice System
  • Sheriff’s Deputies
  • Statute

A type of trial where a jury (usually composed of 12 citizens) decides if the prosecutor has proven guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

• • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Trial by Jury
  • Due Process
  • Finder of Fact

A legal system of common law origin where two parties advocate opposing positions and a neutral finder of fact such as a judge or jury determines the truth in the matter.

• • Retributive Justice
  • Adversarial System
  • Jury
  • Police

The chief law enforcement officer of a county; the office originated in feudal England as the shire-reeve.

• • Lex Talionis
  • Adversarial System
  • Sheriff
  • Exclusionary Rule

A warranted punishment.

• • Justice
  • Exclusionary Rule
  • Court
  • Just Deserts

An attorney who conducts cases against criminal defendants in the name of the state.

• • Due Process
  • Probation
  • Procedural Justice
  • Prosecutor

Rights related to an individual’s freedom to pursue goals without interference from government.

• • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Parole
  • Individual Rights
  • Bench Trial

A law passed by a legislature.

• • Prison
  • Statute
  • Defense Counsel
  • Judge

____________ imposes restrictions on the government’s prosecution of people accused of crimes.

• • Rule of Law
  • Incarceration
  • Fifth Amendment
  • Due Process

Sometimes called procedural fairness; a synonym of due process.

• • Procedural Justice
  • Defendant
  • Civil Liberties
  • Adversarial System

An act or omission that is prohibited by law and has an associated punishment.

• • Judge
  • A dversarial System
  • Crime
  • Defendant

An institution designed for the confinement of persons found guilty of serious crimes.

• • Prison
  • Civil Liberties
  • Exclusionary Rule
  • Judge

In a civil case, the person or organization against whom the plaintiff brings suit; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.

• • Equality
  • Due Process Clause
  • Just Deserts
  • Defendant

Giving everyone what they deserve.

• • Criminal Justice System
  • Equity
  • Retributive Justice
  • Due Process

Sworn law enforcement officers working under the direction of a county sheriff.

• • Exclusionary Rule
  • Sheriff’s Deputies
  • Fifth Amendment
  • Criminal Justice System

The freedom of a criminal justice agent to decide what should be done in a particular situation based on professional judgement.

• • Discretion
  • Jail
  • Rule of Law
  • Retributive Justice

The various methods and institutions by which society deals with criminal offenders, such as prisons, jails, probation, and parole.

• • Corrections
  • Adversarial System
  • Incarceration
  • Crime

A collection of all the laws passed by the Congress of the United States, organized by subject.

• • Civil Liberties
  • U.S. Code
  • Probation
  • Rule of Law

The group of people selected to hear the evidence in a trial and render a verdict on matters of fact.

• • Jail
  • Sheriff’s Deputies
  • Jury
  • Retributive Justice

A lawyer retained for and usually specializing in the legal protection of a person accused of a crime.

• • Prosecutor
  • Sheriff’s Deputies
  • Equity
  • Defense Counsel

A type of early release from prison where the parolee must abide by certain specified conditions and be supervised in the community by a parole officer.

• • Parole
  • Fifth Amendment
  • Police
  • Civil Liberties

In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that a defendant will receive a fair and impartial trial.

• • Due Process
  • Procedural Justice
  • Corrections
  • Individual Rights

A secure confinement facility that holds persons accused of crimes and persons convicted of minor crimes.

• • Bill of Rights
  • Prosecutor
  • Fifth Amendment
  • Jail

A model of criminal justice based on the punishment of offenders rather than other goals such as rehabilitation.

• • Bill of Rights
  • Trial by Jury
  • Judge
  • Retributive Justice

The first ten Amendments to the Constitution which guarantee many fundamental rights.

• Defense Counsel
• Jail
• Bill of Rights
• Civil Liberties

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