2.10: Intro CJ Ch 2.5 Multiple Choice Questions (24)
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- 65351
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- The act or process of restoring something to its original state of being.
- Specific Deterrence
- Rehabilitation
- Severity
- Drug Court
______________________refers to the uneven number of non-white youth who come into contact with the juvenile justice system, as well as the uneven number of people of color who come into contact with police.
- Cesare Beccaria
- Disproportionate Minority Contact
- Multiracial
- Rehabilitation
The belief that some races of people are better than other races.
- Racism
- Drug Court
- Celerity
- Individual Racism
A situation that occurs when one person is treated less favorably than another because of his or her race.
- Drug Court
- Incapacitation
- General Deterrence
- Racial Discrimination
Racism stemming from a person’s attitudes and beliefs about other races.
- Cesare Beccaria
- NAACP
- Individual Racism
- Racism
Constituting multiple racial groups.
- Drug Court
- Multiracial
- Certainty
- Deterrence
Constituting multiple ethnic groups.
- Specific Deterrence
- Drug Court
- Multiethnic
- Racism
A psychological state sufficient for a person to be worthy of blame for a criminal act, such as acting intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or negligently.
- Multiracial
- Severity
- Incapacitation
- Culpable Mental State
The corrections goal of removing the ability of the offender to commit future crimes.
- Rational Choice Theory
- Incapacitation
- Restitution
- Individual Racism
Money paid to the victim of a crime as part of a criminal sanction.
- Institutional Racism
- Specific Deterrence
- Restitution
- Multiethnic
Swiftness of movement; As an element of rational choice theory, the term is used to indicate that punishment should administered swiftly to be effective.
- Culpable Mental State
- Recidivism
- Certainty
- Celerity
The systematic weighing positive consequences against negative consequences in decision making.
- Specific Deterrence
- Cost Benefit Analysis
- General Deterrence
- Institutional Racism
The perspective that people choose a particular course of action when they perceive that the benefits of the action outweigh the costs.
- Culpable Mental State
- Rational Choice Theory
- Racial Discrimination
- Incapacitation
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is an African-American civil rights organization founded in 1909.
- Racial Discrimination
- NAACP
- Severity
- Restitution
A type of deterrence based on the idea that the individual offender will be dissuaded from future criminality by experiencing punishment.
- Celerity
- Specific Deterrence
- Rational Choice Theory
- Cesare Beccaria
The idea that the punishment for a crime should be just severe enough to offset the benefit of committing it.
- Certainty
- Severity
- Racism
- Institutional Racism
A type of deterrence based on the premise that society in general will avoid crime because of the example of those that have been punished.
- Fair Sentencing Act of 2010
- Institutional Racism
- Multiracial
- General Deterrence
Racial inequalities that result from institutional policies and procedures.
- Disproportionate Minority Contact
- Incapacitation
- Institutional Racism
- Recidivism
A relapse into criminal behavior; an important measure of how good of a job probation, parole, and prison programs are doing at rehabilitating offenders.
- Severity
- Celerity
- Multiethnic
- Recidivism
In rational choice theories, used to indicate that punishments are only effective if criminals are relatively sure they will be punished.
- Fair Sentencing Act of 2010
- Certainty
- Drug Court
- Celerity
The idea that criminal punishments will prevent future crimes because the offenders have learned from their punishments, AND that society learns from the example of the punished.
- Racial Discrimination
- Specific Deterrence
- Deterrence
- General Deterrence
A law that reduced the disparity between sentences for possession and distribution of crack cocaine and powdered cocaine; many critics considered the disparity as racist.
- Specific Deterrence
- NAACP
- Rehabilitation
- Fair Sentencing Act of 2010
Specialized courts with jurisdiction over drug offenses and a focus on rehabilitation and treatment.
- Celerity
- Restitution
- Drug Court
- Individual Racism
18thC Italian philosopher that argued punishment should only be severe enough to offset the pleasure gained from committing the crime.
- Rehabilitation
- Cesare Beccaria
- Certainty
- Cost Benefit Analysis
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