Skip to main content
Business LibreTexts

2.7: Exercises

  • Page ID
    98081
    • Henry Dauderis and David Annand
    • Athabasca University via Lyryx Learning

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    EXERCISE 2–1 (LO1) Accounts

    Below is a list of various accounts:

    a. b.        
        Unearned consulting fees     Vehicles
        Prepaid insurance     Depreciation expense
        Office supplies     Interest income
        Notes receivable     Interest expense
        Insurance fee revenue     Furniture
        Unearned insurance fee revenue     Utilities payable
        Salary and benefits expense     Unearned rent revenue
        Small tools and supplies     Retained earnings
        Service fees earned     Salaries and benefits payable
        Service fees revenue     Compensation expense
        Notes payable     Interest earned
        Buildings     Meals and mileage expense
        Rent payable     Unearned service fees
        Share capital     Equipment

    Required:

    1. Identify each account as either an asset (A), liability (L), equity (E), revenue (R), or expense (E).
    2. Identify whether the normal balance of each account is a debit (DR) or credit (CR).

    EXERCISE 2–2 (LO1) Accounts

    Required: Using the list from EXERCISE 2–1, identify if a debit or credit is needed to decrease the normal balance of each account.

    EXERCISE 2–3 (LO2)

    Required: Record the debit and credit for each of the following transactions (transaction 1 is done for you):

      Assets Liabilities Equity
      Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit
      (increase) (decrease) (decrease) (increase) (decrease) (increase)
    1. Purchased a $10,000 truck on credit. 10,000     10,000    
    2. Borrowed $5,000 cash from the bank.            
    3. Paid $2,000 of the bank loan in cash.            
    4. Paid $600 in advance for a one-year insurance policy.            
    5. Received $500 in advance from a renter for next month's rental of office space.            

    EXERCISE 2–4 (LO2)

    Required: Record the debit and credit in the appropriate account for each of the following transactions (transaction 1 is done for you):

      Debit Credit
    1. Issued share capital for cash. Cash Share Capital
    2. Purchased equipment on credit.    
    3. Paid for a one-year insurance policy.    
    4. Billed a customer for repairs completed today.    
    5. Paid this month's rent.    
    6. Collected the amount billed in transaction 4 above.    
    7. Collected cash for repairs completed today.    
    8. Paid for the equipment purchased in transaction 2 above.    
    9. Signed a union contract.    
    10. Collected cash for repairs to be made for customers next month.    
    11. Transferred this month's portion of prepaid insurance that was    
    used to Insurance Expense.    

    EXERCISE 2–5 (LO2) Using T-accounts

    Below are various transactions for the month of August, 2016, for BOLA Co. This is their first month of operations.

    1. Issued share capital in exchange for $3,000 cash.
    2. Received an invoice from the utilities company for electricity in the amount of $200.
    3. Bank approved a loan and deposited $10,000 into the company's bank account.
    4. Paid employee salaries in the amount of $2,000.
    5. Received repair services worth $5,000 from a supplier in exchange for a note due in thirty days.
    6. Completed service work for a European customer. Invoiced $8,000 EURO (European funds). The Canadian currency equivalent is $12,000 CAD. (hint: Recall the monetary unit principle.)
    7. Completed $7,000 of service work for a customer on account.
    8. Purchased $1,000 of equipment, paying cash.
    9. Received $8,000 EURO ($12,000 CAD) cash for service work done regarding item (6).
    10. Rent of $5,000 cash was paid for the current month's rent.
    11. Made a payment of $1,500 cash as a loan payment regarding item (3). The payment covered $150 for interest expense and the balance of the cash payment was to reduce the loan balance owing.
    12. Reimbursed $25 in cash to an employee for use of his personal vehicle for company business for a business trip earlier that day.
    13. Received a cash of $5,000 regarding the service work for item (7).
    14. Vehicle worth $30,000 purchased in exchange for $10,000 cash and $20,000 note due in six months.
    15. Paid the full amount of the utilities invoice regarding item (2).
    16. Purchased $3,000 of furniture on account.
    17. Completed $2,000 of service work for a customer and collected cash.
    18. Received a cheque in the amount of $2,000 from a customer for service work to be done in two months.
    19. Purchased office supplies for $3,000 on account.
    20. Completed a project for a customer and billed them $8,000 for the service work.
    21. Purchased a laptop computer for $2,500 in exchange for a note payable.
    22. September rent of $5,000 was paid two weeks in advance, on August 15.

    Required: Create a separate T-account for each asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense account affected by the transactions above. Record the various transactions debits and credits into the applicable T-account (similar to the two T-accounts shown in Section 2.1, under the heading T-accounts, for Cash and Accounts payable). Calculate and record the ending balance for each T-account. (Hint: Include the reference to the transaction number for each item in the T-accounts, to make it easier to review later, if the accounts contain any errors.)

    EXERCISE 2–6 (LO3) Preparing a Trial Balance

    Required: Using the T-accounts prepared in EXERCISE 2–5, prepare an August 31, 2024, trial balance for the company based on the balances in the T-accounts.

    EXERCISE 2–7 (LO3) Preparing Financial Statements

    Required: Using the trial balance in EXERCISE 2–6, prepare the August 31, 2024, income statement, statement of changes in equity and the balance sheet for the company based on the balances in the T-accounts.

    EXERCISE 2–8 (LO2)

    Required: Post the following transactions to the appropriate accounts:

    1. Issued share capital for $5,000 cash (posted as an example).
    2. Paid $900 in advance for three months' rent, $300 for each month.
    3. Billed $1,500 to customers for repairs completed today.
    4. Purchased on credit $2,000 of supplies to be used next month.
    5. Borrowed $7,500 from the bank.
    6. Collected $500 for the amount billed in transaction (3).
    7. Received a $200 bill for electricity used to date (the bill will be paid next month).
    8. Repaid $2,500 of the bank loan.
    9. Used $800 of the supplies purchased in transaction (4).
    10. Paid $2,000 for the supplies purchased in transaction (4).
    11. Recorded the use of one month of the rent paid for in transaction (2).
    Cash Bank Loan Share Capital Repair Revenue
    (1) 5,000         (1) 5,000    
                   
    Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable   Electricity Expense
                 
                 
    Prepaid Expense     Rent Expense
               
               
    Unused Supplies     Supplies Expense
               
               

    EXERCISE 2–9 (LO3)

    The following Trial Balance was prepared from the books of Cross Corporation at its year-end, December 31, 2023. After the company's bookkeeper left, the office staff was unable to balance the accounts or place them in their proper order. Individual account balances are correct, but debits may be incorrectly recorded as credits and vice-versa.

    Account Title Account Balances
      Debits Credits
    Cash $120,400  
    Commissions Earned 5,000  
    Share Capital   $170,000
    Accounts Payable 30,000  
    Insurance Expense 100  
    Land   8,000
    Building   120,000
    Rent Expense   1,000
    Accounts Receivable   26,000
    Unused Supplies 6,000  
    Supplies Expense   300
    Loan Payable   80,000
    Salaries Expense   3,000
    Telephone Expense 200  
    Totals $161,700 $408,300

    Required: Prepare a corrected Trial Balance showing the accounts in proper order and balances in the correct column. List expenses in alphabetical order. Total the columns and ensure total debits equal total credits.

    EXERCISE 2–10 (LO4)

    Required: Prepare journal entries for each of the following transactions:

    1. Issued share capital for $3,000 cash.
    2. Purchased $2,000 of equipment on credit.
    3. Paid $400 cash for this month's rent.
    4. Purchased on credit $4,000 of supplies to be used next month.
    5. Billed $2,500 to customers for repairs made to date.
    6. Paid cash for one-half of the amount owing in transaction (d).
    7. Collected $500 of the amount billed in transaction (e).
    8. Sold one-half of the equipment purchased in transaction 2 above for $1,000 in cash.

    EXERCISE 2–11 (LO2,4)

    Required: Prepare the journal entries and likely descriptions of the eleven transactions that were posted to the following General Ledger accounts for the month ended January 31, 2023. Do not include amounts. For instance, the first entry would be:

    img43.png

    Cash Bank Loan Share Capital Repair Revenue
    1 2   11   1   3
    3 5           4
    8 10            
    11              
     
    Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable   Electricity Expense
    4   10 2   9  
          6      
          7      
    Prepaid Expense     Rent Expense
    5 9     7  
               
    Unused Supplies     Supplies Expense
    2 8     6  
               

    EXERCISE 2–12 (LO2,3,4)

    The following journal entries were prepared for Elgert Corporation for its first month of operation, January 2023.

    img45.png

    Required:

    1. Prepare necessary General Ledger T-accounts and post the transactions.
    2. Prepare a Trial Balance at January 31, 2023.
    3. Prepare an Income Statement and Statement of Changes in Equity for the month ended January 31, 2023 and a Balance Sheet at January 31, 2023.

    EXERCISE 2–13 (LO4) Correcting Errors in Journal Entries

    Below are transactions that contain errors in the journal entry.

    1. Received an invoice from a supplier for advertising in the amount of $150.

    img46.png

    1. Paid employee salaries in the amount of $2,200.

    img47.png

    1. Received repair services worth $1,500 from a supplier in exchange for a note due in sixty days.

    img48.png

    1. Completed service work for a British customer. Invoiced $5,000 GBP (British pounds Sterling funds). The Canadian currency equivalent is $8,400 CAD. (Hint: Recall the monetary unit principle.)

    img49.png

    1. Rent of $5,000 cash was paid for the current month's rent.

    img50.png

    1. Received a cheque in the amount of $4,000 from a customer for service work to be started in three months.

    img51.png

    1. Completed a project for a customer and billed them $8,000 for the service work.

    img52.png

    1. Rent of $10,000 for the next six months was paid in advance.

    ​​​​​​​ img53.png

    Required: Record the correcting journal entries. (Hint: One method is to reverse the incorrect entry and record the correct entry and a second method is to record the correcting amounts to the applicable accounts only.)

    Problems

    PROBLEM 2–1 (LO3)

    The following account balances are taken from the records of Fox Creek Service Limited at October 31, 2015 after its first year of operation:

    Accounts Payable $9,000   Insurance Expense $ 500
    Accounts Receivable 6,000   Repair Revenue 19,000
    Advertising Expense 2,200   Supplies Expense 800
    Bank Loan 5,000   Telephone Expense 250
    Cash 1,000   Truck 9,000
    Share Capital 2,000   Truck Operation  
    Commissions Expense 4,500   Expense 1,250
    Equipment 7,000   Wages Expense 4,000
          Wages Payable 1,500

    Required:

    1. Prepare a Trial Balance at October 31, 2023.
    2. Prepare an Income Statement and Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended October 31, 2023.
    3. Prepare a Balance Sheet at October 31, 2023.

    PROBLEM 2–2 (LO1,2,3,4)

    The following ledger accounts were prepared for Davidson Tool Rentals Corporation during the first month of operation ending May 31, 2023. No journal entries were prepared in support of the amounts recorded in the ledger accounts.

    Cash 101   Accounts Payable 210   Share Capital 320   Service Revenue 470
    May 1 5,000 May 11 1,000   May 22 600 May 11 1,000       May 1 5,000       May 5 3,000
    6 2,000 16 500       23 150                 6 2,000
    10 1,500 20 300       24 1,100           18 2,500
    15 1,200 22 600            
    21 800 28 400           Advertising Expense 610
        29 3,500           May 31 250    
     
    Accounts Receivable 110           Commissions Expense 615
    May 5 3,000 May 10 1,500           May 24 1,100    
    18 2,500 15 1,200            
                Rent Expense 654
    Prepaid Advertising 160           May 28 400    
    May 16 500 May 31 250            
                Salaries Expense 656
    Unused Supplies 173           May 29 3,500    
    May 20 300 May 30 100            
                Supplies Expense 668
    Equipment 183           May 30 100    
    May 11 2,000 May 21 800            
                Telephone Expense 669
                May 23 150    

    Required:

    1. Reconstruct the transactions that occurred during the month and prepare journal entries to record these transactions, including appropriate descriptions. Include accounts numbers (Folio) using the Chart of Accounts provided. Calculate the balance in each account.
    2. Total the transactions in each T-account above. Prepare a Trial Balance in proper order (list assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, then expenses) at May 31, 2015.

    PROBLEM 2–3 (LO1,2,4)

    The following balances appeared in the General Ledger of Fenton Table Rentals Corporation at April 1, 2023.

    Cash $1,400 Accounts Payable $2,000
    Accounts Receivable 3,600 Share Capital 4,350
    Prepaid Rent 1,000    
    Unused Supplies 350    

    The following transactions occurred during April:

    1. Collected $2,000 cash owed by a customer.
    2. Billed $3,000 to customers for tables rented to date.
    3. Paid the following expenses: advertising, $300; salaries, $2,000; telephone, $100.
    4. Paid half of the accounts payable owing at April 1.
    5. Received a $500 bill for April truck repair expenses.
    6. Collected $2,500 owed by a customer.
    7. Billed $1,500 to customers for tables rented to date.
    8. Transferred $500 of prepaid rent to rent expense.
    9. Counted $200 of supplies on hand at April 30; recorded the amount used as an expense.

    Required: Prepare journal entries to record the April transactions.

    PROBLEM 2–4 (LO1,2,4)

    The following transactions occurred in Thorn Accounting Services Inc. during August 2023, its first month of operation.

    Aug. 1 Issued share capital for $3,000 cash.
    1 Borrowed $10,000 cash from the bank.
    1 Paid $8,000 cash for a used truck.
    4 Paid $600 for a one-year truck insurance policy effective August 1.
    5 Collected $2,000 fees in cash from a client for work performed today (recorded as Feeds Earned).
    7 Billed $5,000 fees to clients for services performed to date (recorded as Fees Earned).
    9 Paid $250 for supplies used to date.
    12 Purchased $500 of supplies on credit (recorded as Unused Supplies).
    15 Collected $1,000 of the amount billed on August 7.
    16 Paid $200 for advertising in The News during the first two weeks of August.
    20 Paid half of the amount owing for the supplies purchased on August 12.
    25 Paid cash for the following expenses: rent for August, $350; salaries, $2,150; telephone, $50; truck repairs, $250.
    28 Called clients for payment of the balance owing from August 7.
    29 Billed $6,000 of fees to clients for services performed to date (recorded as Fees Earned).
    31 Transferred the amount of August's truck insurance ($50) to Insurance Expense.
    31 Counted $100 of supplies still on hand (recorded the amount used as Supplies Expense).

    Required: Prepare journal entries to record the August transactions.

    PROBLEM 2–5 (LO4) Challenge Question – Errors in the Trial Balance

    Below is the trial balance for Cushio Corp. which contains a number of errors:

    Cushio Corp.
    Trial Balance
    At August 31, 2023
      Incorrect
      Debit Credit
    Cash $102,000  
    Accounts receivable 59,730  
    Prepaid expenses 2,000  
    Office supplies inventory 5,500  
    Equipment 115,000  
    Accounts payable   $74,500
    Unearned revenue   50,000
    Share capital   25,000
    Retained earnings   50,500
    Revenue   245,000
    Repairs expense 1,000  
    Rent expense 25,000  
    Advertising expense 24,500  
    Salaries expense 115,000  
      $449,730 $445,000

    The following errors were discovered:

    1. Cushio collected $5,000 from a customer and posted a debit to Cash but did not post a credit entry to accounts receivable.
    2. Cushio completed service work for a customer for $5,000 and debited accounts receivable but credited unearned revenue.
    3. Cushio received cash of $583 from a customer as payment on account and debited cash for $583, but incorrectly credited accounts receivable for $853.
    4. Cushio did not post an invoice of $500 received for repairs.
    5. Cushio purchased equipment for $5,000 on account and posted the transaction as a debit to accounts payable and a credit to equipment.
    6. Cushio purchased advertising services for cash of $6,000 that will be published in the newspapers over the next six months. This transaction was posted as a debit to advertising expense and a credit to cash for $6,000.

    Required: Prepare a corrected trial balance. (Hint: Using T-accounts would be helpful.)

    PROBLEM 2–6 (LO4) Challenge Question – Transactions, Trial Balance, and Financial Statements

    Stellar Services Ltd. is an engineering firm that provides electrical engineering consulting services to various clients. Below are the account balances in its General Ledger as at December 31, 2023 which is its first month of operations. All accounts have normal balances as explained in the text.

    Stellar Services Ltd.
    Trial Balance
    At December 31, 2023
    Accounts payable $115,000
    Accounts receivable 85,000
    Cash 150,000
    Building/warehouse
    Equipment 45,000
    Furniture 15,000
    Land
    Notes payable 20,000
    Office equipment
    Office supplies 7,000
    Prepaid expenses
    Repairs expense 500
    Retained earnings 90,000
    Salaries expense 32,000
    Service revenue 25,000
    Share capital 108,000
    Unearned service revenue
    Utilities expense 4,500
    Vehicle 19,000

    Listed below are activities for Stellar Services Ltd. for the month of January, 2023:

    1. Stellar ordered $3,500 in new software from a software supplier. It will be paid when it is ready to install in three weeks.
    2. Paid $12,000 for a two-year insurance policy to begin January 1, 2024.
    3. Paid one half of the outstanding accounts payable.
    4. Hired a new employee who will start up January 1, 2024. His salary will be $2,500 every two weeks.
    5. Received cash of $200,000 from a client for a $1,000,000 consulting contract. Work will commence in March.
    6. Booked a conference room at a hotel for a presentation to potential customers scheduled for January 15. The $600 rental fee will be paid January 1.
    7. Met with a client's lawyer about a fire that destroyed a portion of the client's building. The client is planning to sue Stellar for $300,000 based on some previous consulting services Stellar provided to the client.
    8. Completed four electrical inspections today on credit for $3,000 each.
    9. Collected from two of the credit customers from item 8.
    10. Received $20,000 from a client in partial payment for services to be provided next year.
    11. Borrowed $150,000 from their bank by signing a note payable due on July 31, 2025.
    12. John Stellar invested $30,000 cash and engineering equipment with a fair value of $10,000 in exchange for capital shares.
    13. Stellar rented some additional office space and paid $18,000 for the next six month's rent.
    14. Purchased land and a small warehouse for $50,000 cash and a long-term note payable for the balance. The land was valued at $250,000 and the warehouse at $60,000.
    15. Signed an agreement with a supplier for equipment rental for a special project to begin on January 23, 2024. A deposit for $300 is to be paid on January 1.
    16. Completed $30,000 of services for a client which is payable in 30 days.
    17. Purchased $8,000 of equipment for $5,000 cash and a trade-in of some old equipment that originally was recorded at $3,000.
    18. Paid $1,000 in cash dividends.
    19. Refunded the client $2,000 due to a complaint about the consulting services provided in item 16.
    20. Paid salaries of $35,000.
    21. Received a bill for water and electricity in the amount of $1,800 for January, which will be paid on February 15.
    22. Purchased some office equipment for $5,000 and office supplies for $2,000 on account.
    23. Placed an order with a supplier for $10,000 of drafting supplies to be delivered January 10. This must be paid by January 25.

    Required:

    1. Prepare all required journal entries for December.
    2. Prepare the income statement and the statement of changes in equity for the month ended December 31, 2023 and the balance sheet as at December 31, 2023. (Hint: Using T-accounts would be helpful.)

    PROBLEM 2–7 (LO4) Special Journals and Subledgers

    The following are selected transactions from December, 2025 for Readem & Weep Sad Books Co. Ltd., who purchases and sells books for a profit.

    Required: Complete the schedule based on the information in Section 2.4, Special Journals and Subledgers from this chapter. If a transaction has no applicable subledger, leave answer blank.

    Journals  
    Sales S
    Purchases P
    Cash Receipts CR
    Cash Disbursements CD
    General Journal GJ
    Subledgers  
    Accounts Receivable AR
    Accounts Payable AP
    Merchandise Inventory MI
    Date Transaction Journal Subledger
    Dec 1 Issued shares to the company's founder for cash    
    1 Issued a cheque for rent to the building owner    
    2 Purchased 100 books on credit from the publisher    
    4 Borrowed money from bank (i.e. a note payable)    
    5 Purchased office furniture on account    
    6 Return 5 books to the publisher due to missing pages    
    12 Sold 20 books to Fred's Cigar Store on account (credit)    
    13 Paid cash for a two-year insurance policy effective immediately    
    15 Paid cash for some office supplies    
    19 Issued a cheque to the bank for the note payable interest    
    20 Hired an employee and paid her first week's salary in cash    
    22 Sold 10 books for cash    
    27 Fred's Cigar Store returned five of the books purchased earlier and the amount owing was adjusted (accounts receivable)    
    27 Received cash from Fred's Cigar Store for amount owing    
    28 Found an error in the accounting records and recorded a correcting entry    
    29 Received cash from a customer for 100 books. 50% of the books will be sent immediately and the remained to be sent in January    
    30 A cheque was issued for rent for January, 2026    
    30 Dividends were paid in cash to the company founder    

    PROBLEM 2–8 (LO4) Special Journals and Subledgers

    Listed below are transactions for the first month of operations for Harmand Ltd., a consulting company who provides engineering consulting services and also sells vintage model airplanes (cost of goods sold ignored for simplicity).

    June 1 Purchased equipment on credit from Bradley & Co., $12,000.
    2 Billed consulting services completed for Cooper Co., Invoice #17001 for $8,000.
    3 Issued cheque #601 to LRS Properties Ltd., for office rent for June, $3,500.
    4 Purchased office supplies from Office Supplies Ltd., cheque #602 for $1,240.
    6 Sold five vintage model airplanes to Mr. F. Scott on account, Invoice #17002 for $2,500 each.
    7 Sold one vintage model airplane as a cash sale, $2,000.
    8 Received cash from Cooper Co., for Invoice #17001 for $7,920. Cooper was entitled to an early payment discount of $80 because they paid their account within 10 days of being billed.
    9 Paid salary for one employee, cheque #603 for $1,400.
    10 Received an invoice from the Daily Gazette for advertising, payable in 30 days; $1,200.
    10 Paid 20% of the June 1 equipment purchase; cheque #604.
    11 Received a cheque for $5,000 from Fort Robbins Bridge Builders Ltd., for consulting work that will begin July 1;
    14 Borrowed $10,000 from the bank as a loan.
    18 Issued a receipt for $5,000 for cash payment from F. Scott as a partial payment of their account.
    22 Issued 500 additional shares to owner and shareholder for $5,000 cash.
    23 Paid utilities bill from last month to HTC Power Corp., cheque #605 for $350.
    25 Billed $35,000 of consulting services rendered to Boyzee Villages Corp. Invoice #17003.
    28 Paid Daily Gazette amount owing early and received a discount of $12, reducing payment to $1,188, cheque #606.
    29 Paid $200 in dividends to Bill Sloan, owner and sole shareholder, cheque #607.
    30 Paid $1,000 to pay the interest owing to date of $30 (interest expense) and reduce the bank loan for the balance, cheque #608.
    30 Paid salary for employee up to date, cheque #609 for $1,600.
    30 Corrected an error in the payment to the bank. Interest expense should be $35 and $965 to reduce the bank loan.

    Required:

    1. Prepare a sales journal, purchases journal, cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal, and general journal as shown below. Record the June transactions into these journals. (Ignore GST and account codes for simplicity.)
      Credit Sales Journal S1
                  Consulting Vintage      
              Accounts Services Model      
      Date Billing # Customer Ref Receivable Revenue Plane Sales Other Desc
              Debit Credit Credit      
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
      Totals                        
      Credit Purchases Journal P1
              Accounts Equipment Advertising Other  
      Date Invoice # Creditor Ref Payable Purchases Expense Purchases Desc
              Credit Debit Debit Debit  
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
      Totals                        
      Cash Receipts Journal CR1
                  Sales Accounts Cash      
      Date Billing # Customer Ref Cash Discount Receivable Sales Other Desc
              Debit Debit Credit Credit Credit  
                                   
                                   
                                   
                                   
                                   
                                   
                                   
      Totals                            
      Cash Disbursements Journal CD1
                  Purchase Accounts Other  
      Date Chq # Payee Ref Cash Discount Payable Disbursements Desc
              Credit Credit Debit Debit  
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
      Totals                        
      General Journal GJ1
      Date Account/Explanation PR Debit Credit
               
               
               
               
               
               
      Totals        
    2. Prepare an accounts receivable subledger, accounts payable subledger, and a general ledger as shown below. Post the journals from part 1 to the subledgers and general ledger as shown in Section 2.4 of this chapter. You will need to create multiple Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable subledgers, as well as general ledgers.
      Accounts Receivable Subledger
      Name:
      Date Ref Debit Credit Balance
               
               
               
      Accounts Payable Subledger
      Name:
      Date Ref Debit Credit Balance
               
               
               
      General Ledger
      Name:
      Date Ref Debit Credit Balance
               
               
               
    3. Prepare a trial balance from the general ledger accounts. Use the format shown in Section 2.3 of this chapter. Ensure that the trial balance debits equal the credits and that the subledgers balance to their respective accounts receivable and accounts payable control accounts.
    4. Prepare an income statement, statement of changes in equity and a balance sheet as at June 30, 20XX. Use the format shown in Section 2.3 of this chapter.


    This page titled 2.7: Exercises is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Henry Dauderis and David Annand (Lyryx Learning) .

    • Was this article helpful?