10.7: Practice Questions

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Multiple Choice

LO 10.1If a company has four lots of products for sale, purchase 1 (earliest) for $17, purchase 2 (middle) for $15, purchase 3 (middle) for $12, and purchase 4 (latest) for $14, which cost would be assumed to be sold first using LIFO costing?

LO 10.1If a company has three lots of products for sale, purchase 1 (earliest) for $17, purchase 2 (middle) for $15, purchase 3 (latest) for $12, which of the following statements is true?

This is an inflationary cost pattern.
This is a deflationary cost pattern.
The next purchase will cost less than $12.
None of these statements can be verified.

LO 10.1When inventory items are highly specialized, the best inventory costing method is ________.

specific identification
first-in, first-out
last-in, first-out
weighted average

LO 10.1If goods are shipped FOB destination, which of the following is true?

Title to the goods will transfer as soon as the goods are shipped.
FOB indicates that a price reduction has been applied to the order.
The seller must pay the shipping.
The seller and the buyer will each pay 50% of the cost.

LO 10.1On which financial statement would the merchandise inventory account appear?

balance sheet
income statement
both balance sheet and income statement
neither balance sheet nor income statement

LO 10.1When would using the FIFO inventory costing method produce higher inventory account balances than the LIFO method would?

inflationary times
deflationary times
always
never

LO 10.1Which accounting rule serves as the primary basis for the lower-of-cost-or-market methodology for inventory valuation?

conservatism
consistency
optimism
pessimism

LO 10.1Which type or types of inventory timing system (periodic or perpetual) requires the user to record two journal entries every time a sale is made.

periodic
perpetual
both periodic and perpetual
neither periodic nor perpetual

LO 10.2Which of these statements is false?

If cost of goods sold is incorrect, ending inventory is usually incorrect too.
beginning inventory + purchases = cost of goods sold
ending inventory + cost of goods sold = goods available for sale
goods available for sale – beginning inventory = purchases

10.

LO 10.3Which inventory costing method is almost always done on a perpetual basis?

specific identification
first-in, first-out
last-in, first-out
weighted average

11.

LO 10.3Which of the following describes features of a perpetual inventory system?

Technology is normally used to record inventory changes.
Merchandise bought is recorded as purchases.
An adjusting journal entry is required at year end, to match physical counts to the asset account.
Inventory is updated at the end of the period.

12.

LO 10.4Which of the following financial statements would be impacted by a current-year ending inventory error, when using a periodic inventory updating system?

balance sheet
income statement
neither statement
both statements

13.

LO 10.4Which of the following would cause periodic ending inventory to be overstated?

Goods held on consignment are omitted from the physical count.
Goods purchased and delivered, but not yet paid for, are included in the physical count.
Purchased goods shipped FOB destination and not yet delivered are included in the physical count.
None of the above

14.

LO 10.5Which of the following indicates a positive trend for inventory management?

increasing number of days’ sales in inventory ratio
increasing inventory turnover ratio
increasing cost of goods sold
increasing sales revenue

Questions

LO 10.1What is meant by the term gross margin?

LO 10.1Can a business change from one inventory costing method to another any time they wish? Explain.

LO 10.1Why do consignment arrangements present a challenge in inventory management? Explain.

LO 10.1Explain the difference between the terms FOB destination and FOB shipping point.

LO 10.1When would a company use the specific identification method of inventory cost allocation?

LO 10.1Explain why a company might want to utilize the gross profit method or the retail inventory method for inventory valuation.

LO 10.1Describe the goal of the lower-of-cost-or-market concept.

LO 10.1Describe two separate and distinct ways to calculate goods available for sale.

LO 10.3Describe costing inventory using first-in, first-out. Address the different treatment, if any, that must be given for periodic and perpetual inventory updating.

10.

LO 10.3Describe costing inventory using last-in, first-out. Address the different treatment, if any, that must be given for periodic and perpetual inventory updating.

11.

LO 10.3Describe costing inventory using weighted average. Address the different treatment, if any, that must be given for periodic and perpetual inventory updating.

12.

LO 10.4How long does it take an inventory error affecting ending inventory to correct itself in the financial statements? Explain.

13.

LO 10.4What type of issues would arise that might cause inventory errors?

14.

LO 10.5Explain the difference between the flow of cost and the flow of goods as it relates to inventory.

15.

LO 10.5What insights can be gained from inventory ratio analysis, such as inventory turnover ratio and number of days’ sales in inventory ratio?

Exercise Set A

EA1.

LO 10.1Calculate the goods available for sale for Atlantis Company, in units and in dollar amounts, given the following facts about their inventory for the period:

Chart showing Beginning inventory of 140 units at $75 each, Purchased goods during the period 240 units for $77 each, sold goods during the period 80 units for $125 each, and Purchased goods during the period 220 units for $80 each.

EA2.

LO 10.1E Company accepts goods on consignment from R Company and also purchases goods from S Company during the current month. E Company plans to sell the merchandise to customers during the following month. In each of these independent situations, who owns the merchandise at the end of the current month and should therefore include it in their company’s ending inventory? Choose E, R, or S.

Goods ordered from R, delivered and displayed on E’s showroom floor at the end of the current month.
Goods ordered from S, in transit, with shipping terms FOB destination.
Goods ordered from R, in transit, with no stated shipping terms.
Goods ordered from S, delivered and displayed on E’s showroom floor at the end of the current month, with shipping terms FOB destination.
Goods ordered from S, in transit, with shipping terms FOB shipping point.

EA3.

LO 10.1The following information is taken from a company’s records. Applying the lower-of-cost-or-market approach, what is the correct value that should be reported on the balance sheet for the inventory?

Chart showing Cost per Unit and Market Value per Unit respectively for Inventory item 1 (10 units) at $36 and $35, Inventory item 2 (25 units) at $20 and $20, and Inventory item 3 (12 units) at $6 and $8.

EA4.

LO 10.2Complete the missing piece of information involving the changes in inventory, and their relationship to goods available for sale, for the two years shown:

Chart showing calculation of Cost of Goods Sold for 2021 and 2022 respectively: Beginning Inventory, Purchases, Goods Available for Sale, Ending Inventory, Cost of Goods Sold; 2021: $10,000, 25,000, 35,000, 7,000, ?; 2022: $7,000, 3,000, ?, ?, 8,500

EA5.

LO 10.2Akira Company had the following transactions for the month.

Chart showing Beginning Inventory of 150 units at $10 per unit, Purchase of March 31 of 160 units at $12 each, Purchase of October 15 of 130 units at $15 each, and ending inventory of 50 units at a cost of ? each.

Calculate the ending inventory dollar value for the period for each of the following cost allocation methods, using periodic inventory updating. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

EA6.

LO 10.2Akira Company had the following transactions for the month.

Chart showing Beginning Inventory of 150 units at $1,500 per unit, Purchase of March 31 of 160 units at $1,920 each, Purchase of October 15 of 130 units at $1,950 each, Total Goods Available for Sale 440 units at $5,370 each, and ending inventory of 50 units at a cost of ? each.

Calculate the gross margin for the period for each of the following cost allocation methods, using periodic inventory updating. Assume that all units were sold for $25 each. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

EA7.

LO 10.2Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions, assuming periodic inventory updating and first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost allocation.

Chart showing January 2 purchase of 300 units at $21 each, January 12 purchase of 200 units at $24 each, and January 16 sale of 220 units for $40 each.

EA8.

LO 10.3Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for A65 Company for the month, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for first-in, first-out (FIFO).

Beginning Inventory is 800 units at cost of $50 each, purchased 600 units at $52 each, sold 400 units for $80 each, sold 350 units for $90 each, Ending Inventory is 650 units.

EA9.

LO 10.3Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for A66 Company for the month, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for last-in, first-out (LIFO).

EA10.

LO 10.3Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for A67 Company for the month, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for weighted average (AVG).

EA11.

LO 10.3Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions, assuming perpetual inventory updating and first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost allocation. Assume no beginning inventory.

January 2 purchased merchandise for resale 300 units at $21 each. January 12 purchased merchandise for resale 200 units at $24 each. January 16 sold merchandise 220 units for $40 each.

EA12.

LO 10.3Prepare Journal entries to record the following transactions, assuming perpetual inventory updating, and last-in, first-out (LIFO) cost allocation. Assume no beginning inventory.

March 12 purchased merchandise for resale 5,000 units at $90 each. March 15 purchased merchandise for resale 3,500 units at $100 each. March 16 sold merchandise 2,000 units for $200 each.

EA13.

LO 10.4If a group of inventory items costing $15,000 had been omitted from the year-end inventory count, what impact would the error have on the following inventory calculations? Indicate the effect (and amount) as either (a) none, (b) understated $______, or (c) overstated $______.

Inventory Item	None or amount?	Understated or overstated?
Beginning Inventory
Purchases
Goods Available for Sale
Ending Inventory
Cost of Goods Sold

Table10.1

EA14.

LO 10.4If Wakowski Company’s ending inventory was actually $86,000 but was adjusted at year end to a balance of $68,000 in error, what would be the impact on the presentation of the balance sheet and income statement for the year that the error occurred, if any?

EA15.

LO 10.4Shetland Company reported net income on the year-end financial statements of $125,000. However, errors in inventory were discovered after the reports were issued. If inventory was understated by $15,000, how much net income did the company actually earn?

EA16.

LO 10.5Compute Altoona Company’s (a) inventory turnover ratio and (b) number of days’ sales in inventory ratio, using the following information.

Cost of Goods Sold $722,000. Beginning Inventory 53,000. Ending Inventory 67,000.

EA17.

LO 10.5Complete the missing pieces of McCarthy Company’s inventory calculations and ratios.

Beginning Inventory ?. Purchases $92,000. Goods Available for Sale 100,500.Ending Inventory 9,400. Cost of Goods Sold $91,100. Turnover Ratio ?. Days’ Sales in Inventory ?

Exercise Set B

EB1.

LO 10.1Calculate the goods available for sale for Soros Company, in units and in $ (dollar amounts), given the following facts about their inventory for the period.

Chart showing Beginning inventory of 1,100 units at $20 each, Purchased goods during the period 800 units for $20 each, sold goods during the period 700 units for $37 each, and Purchased goods during the period 650 units for $21 each.

EB2.

LO 10.1X Company accepts goods on consignment from C Company, and also purchases goods from P Company during the current month. X Company plans to sell the merchandise to customers during the following month. In each of these independent situations, who owns the merchandise at the end of the current month, and should therefore include it in their company’s ending inventory? Choose X, C, or P.

Goods ordered from P, in transit, with shipping terms FOB destination.
Goods ordered from P, in transit, with shipping terms FOB shipping point.
Goods ordered from P, inventory in stock, held in storage until floor space is available.
Goods ordered from C, inventory in stock, set aside for customer pickup and payments to finalize sale.

EB3.

LO 10.1Considering the following information, and applying the lower-of-cost-or-market approach, what is the correct value that should be reported on the balance sheet for the inventory?

Chart showing Cost per Unit and Market Value per Unit respectively for Inventory item 1 (20 units) at $100 and $95, Inventory item 2 (30 units) at 75 and 70, and Inventory item 3 (45 units) at 50 and 55.

EB4.

LO 10.2Complete the missing piece of information involving the changes in inventory, and their relationship to goods available for sale, for the two years shown.

EB5.

LO 10.2Bleistine Company had the following transactions for the month.

Chart showing Beginning Inventory of 880 units at $35 per unit, Purchase of June 1 of 750 units at $40 each, Purchase of November 1 of 800 units at $43 each, and ending inventory of 110 units at a cost of ? each.

Calculate the ending inventory dollar value for each of the following cost allocation methods, using periodic inventory updating. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

EB6.

LO 10.2Bleistine Company had the following transactions for the month.

Chart showing Beginning Inventory of 880 units at $30,800 per unit, Purchase of June 1 of 750 units at $30,000 each, Purchase of November 1 of 800 units at $34,400 each, Total Goods Available for Sale $95,200, 2,430 units, and ending inventory of 110 units at a cost of ? each.

Calculate the gross margin for the period for each of the following cost allocation methods, using periodic inventory updating. Assume that all units were sold for $50 each. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

EB7.

LO 10.2Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions, assuming periodic inventory updating and first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost allocation.

Chart showing November 19 purchase of 1,200 units at $6 each, November 22 purchase of 980 units at $5 each, and November 30 sale of 850 units for $10 each.

EB8.

LO 10.3Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for B65 Company for the month, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for first-in, first-out (FIFO).

Beginning Inventory is 100 units at cost of $66 each, purchased 80 units at $75 each, sold 50 units for $120 each, sold 25 units for $125 each, Ending Inventory is 105 units.

EB9.

LO 10.3Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for B66 Company for the month, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for last-in, first-out (LIFO).

EB10.

LO 10.3Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for B67 Company for the month, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for weighted average (AVG).

EB11.

LO 10.3Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions, assuming perpetual inventory updating and first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost allocation. Assume no beginning inventory.

November 19 purchased merchandise for resale 1,200 units at $6 each. November 22 purchased merchandise for resale 980 units at $5 each. November 30 sold merchandise 850 units for $10 each.

EB12.

LO 10.3Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions, assuming perpetual inventory updating and last-in, first-out (LIFO) cost allocation. Assume no beginning inventory.

March 12 purchased merchandise for resale 120 units at $52 each. March 15 purchased merchandise for resale 180 units at $56 each. March 16 sold merchandise 90 units for $95 each.

EB13.

LO 10.4If a group of inventory items costing $3,200 had been double counted during the year-end inventory count, what impact would the error have on the following inventory calculations? Indicate the effect (and amount) as either (a) none, (b) understated $______, or (c) overstated $______.

Inventory Item	None or amount?	Understated or overstated?
Beginning Inventory
Purchases
Goods Available for Sale
Ending Inventory
Cost of Goods Sold

Table10.2

EB14.

LO 10.4If Barcelona Company’s ending inventory was actually $122,000, but the cost of consigned goods, with a cost value of $20,000 were accidentally included with the company assets, when making the year-end inventory adjustment, what would be the impact on the presentation of the balance sheet and income statement for the year that the error occurred, if any?

EB15.

LO 10.4Tanke Company reported net income on the year-end financial statements of $850,200. However, errors in inventory were discovered after the reports were issued. If inventory was overstated by $21,000, how much net income did the company actually earn?

EB16.

LO 10.5Compute Westtown Company’s (A) inventory turnover ratio and (B) number of days’ sales in inventory ratio, using the following information.

Cost of Goods Sold $156,000. Beginning Inventory 14,500. Ending Inventory 17,500.

EB17.

LO 10.5Complete the missing pieces of Delgado Company’s inventory calculations and ratios.

Beginning Inventory $25,000. Purchases 132,000. Goods Available for Sale 157,000. Ending Inventory 27,000. Cost of Goods Sold ?. Turnover Ratio 5,0. Days’ Sales in Inventory ?.

Problem Set A

PA1.

LO 10.1When prices are rising (inflation), which costing method would produce the highest value for gross margin? Choose between first-in, first-out (FIFO); last-in, first-out (LIFO); and weighted average (AVG).

Evansville Company had the following transactions for the month.

Chart showing three purchases: 2 units for $6,000, 3 units for $7,000, and 4 units for $7,500.

Calculate the gross margin for each of the following cost allocation methods, assuming A62 sold just one unit of these goods for $10,000. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

PA2.

LO 10.2Trini Company had the following transactions for the month.

Chart showing Beginning Inventory 1,050 units at $22 each for a total of 23,100, May 31 purchase of 1,020 units at 23 for a total of 23,460, July 15 purchase of 1,300 units at 26 for a total of 33,800, November 1 purchase of 1,200 units at 27 for a total of 32,400, with a Total (Goods Available) of 4,570 units for a total of $112,760. Ending Inventory is 900 units at a cost per unit of ?.

Calculate the ending inventory dollar value for each of the following cost allocation methods, using periodic inventory updating. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

PA3.

LO 10.2Trini Company had the following transactions for the month.

Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for the period for each of the following cost allocation methods, using periodic inventory updating. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

PA4.

LO 10.3Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for A74 Company for the sale on March 11, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for (a) first-in, first-out (FIFO); (b) last-in, first-out (LIFO); and (c) weighted average (AVG).

March 1 Beginning Inventory is 110 units at cost of $87 each, March 8 purchased 140 units at $89 each, March 11 sold 95 units for $120 each.

PA5.

LO 10.3Use the first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost allocation method, with perpetual inventory updating, to calculate (a) sales revenue, (b) cost of goods sold, and c) gross margin for A75 Company, considering the following transactions.

Beginning Inventory is 105 units at cost of $40 each, March 2 purchased 150 units at $42 each, March 31 sold 88 units for $75 each.

PA6.

LO 10.3Use the last-in, first-out (LIFO) cost allocation method, with perpetual inventory updating, to calculate (a) sales revenue, (b) cost of goods sold, and c) gross margin for A75 Company, considering the following transactions.

PA7.

LO 10.3Use the weighted-average (AVG) cost allocation method, with perpetual inventory updating, to calculate (a) sales revenue, (b) cost of goods sold, and c) gross margin for A75 Company, considering the following transactions.

PA8.

LO 10.3Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions, assuming perpetual inventory updating and first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost allocation. Assume no beginning inventory.

Purchased 165 units at $21 each. Sold 120 units for $36 each. Purchased 225 units at $27 each. Sold 180 units for $39 each. Purchased 210 units at $33 each.

PA9.

LO 10.3Calculate a) cost of goods sold, b) ending inventory, and c) gross margin for A76 Company, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for first-in, first-out (FIFO).

Beginning Inventory is 240 units at cost of $100 each, sold 160 units for $140 each, purchased 520 units at $103 each, sold 400 units for $142 each, purchased 400 units at $110 each, sold 370 units for $144 each, Ending Inventory is 230 units.

PA10.

PA11.

PA12.

LO 10.3Compare the calculations for gross margin for A76 Company, based on the results of the perpetual inventory calculations using FIFO, LIFO, and AVG.

PA13.

LO 10.4Company Elmira reported the following cost of goods sold but later realized that an error had been made in ending inventory for year 2021. The correct inventory amount for 2021 was 32,000. Once the error is corrected, (a) how much is the restated cost of goods sold for 2021? and (b) how much is the restated cost of goods sold for 2022?

Beginning Inventory plus purchases equals Goods Available for Sale minus Ending Inventory equals Cost of Goods Sold for 2021 and 2022, respectively: 31,000 plus 185,000 equals 216,000 minus 27,000 equals 189,000; 27,000 plus 188,000 equals 215,000 minus 31,000 equals 185,000.

PA14.

LO 10.4Assuming a company’s year-end inventory were overstated by $5,000, indicate the effect (overstated/understated/no effect) of the error on the following balance sheet and income statement accounts.

Income Statement: Cost of Goods Sold
Income Statement: Net Income
Balance Sheet: Assets
Balance Sheet: Liabilities
Balance Sheet: Equity

PA15.

LO 10.5Use the following information relating to Shana Company to calculate the inventory turnover ratio and the number of days’ sales in inventory ratio.

Table showing Sales, Cost of Goods Sold, and Average Inventory respectively for: 2021: $22,000, $16,500, $2,400; 2022: $28,000, $21,000, $3,000; 2023: $33,000, $24,750, $3,500; 2024: $35,000, $26,250, $4,000.

PA16.

LO 10.5Use the following information relating to Clover Company to calculate the inventory turnover ratio, gross margin, and the number of days’ sales in inventory ratio, for years 2022 and 2023.

Table showing Sales, Cost of Goods Sold, and Average Inventory respectively for: 2021: $250,000, $187,500, $24,000; 2022: $295,000, $221,250, $30,000; 2023: $323,000, $242,250, $35,000.

Problem Set B

PB1.

LO 10.1When prices are falling (deflation), which costing method would produce the highest gross margin for the following? Choose first-in, first-out (FIFO); last-in, first-out (LIFO); or weighted average, assuming that B62 Company had the following transactions for the month.

Chart showing three purchases: 10 units at $200 each, 20 units at $205 each, and 10 units at $230 each, for a total of 40 units.

Calculate the gross margin for each of the following cost allocation methods, assuming B62 sold just one unit of these goods for $400. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

PB2.

LO 10.2DeForest Company had the following transactions for the month.

Chart showing Beginning Inventory 500 units at $40 each for a total of 20,000, April 30 purchase of 600 units at 45 for a total of 27,000, August 15 purchase of 650 units at 40 for a total of 26,000, December 10 purchase of 700 units at 35 for a total of 24,500, with a Total (Goods Available) of 2,450 units for a total of $97,500. Ending Inventory is 550 units at a cost per unit of ?.

Calculate the ending inventory dollar value for the period for each of the following cost allocation methods, using periodic inventory updating. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

PB3.

LO 10.2DeForest Company had the following transactions for the month.

Calculate the ending inventory dollar value for the period for each of the following cost allocation methods, using periodic inventory updating. Provide your calculations.

first-in, first-out (FIFO)
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
weighted average (AVG)

PB4.

LO 10.3Calculate the cost of goods sold dollar value for B74 Company for the sale on November 20, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for (a) first-in, first-out (FIFO); (b) last-in, first-out (LIFO); and (c) weighted average (AVG).

November 1 Beginning Inventory is 650 units at cost of $55 each, November 15 purchased 500 units at $52 each, November 20 sold 400 units for $80 each.

PB5.

LO 10.3Use the first-in, first-out method (FIFO) cost allocation method, with perpetual inventory updating, to calculate (a) sales revenue, (b) cost of goods sold, and c) gross margin for B75 Company, considering the following transactions.

Beginning Inventory is 7,500 units at cost of $60 each, September 18 purchased 8,000 units at $55 each, September 28 sold 500 units for $100 each.

PB6.

LO 10.3Use the last-in, first-out method (LIFO) cost allocation method, with perpetual inventory updating, to calculate (a) sales revenue, (b) cost of goods sold, and c) gross margin for B75 Company, considering the following transactions.

PB7.

LO 10.3Use the weighted-average (AVG) cost allocation method, with perpetual inventory updating, to calculate (a) sales revenue, (b) cost of goods sold, and c) gross margin for B75 Company, considering the following transactions.

PB8.

LO 10.3Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions, assuming perpetual inventory updating, and last-in, first-out (LIFO) cost allocation. Assume no beginning inventory.

Purchased 165 units at cost of $21 each, sold 120 units for $36 each, purchased 225 units at $27 each, sold 180 units for $39 each, purchased 210 units at $33 each.

PB9.

LO 10.3Calculate a) cost of goods sold, b) ending inventory, and c) gross margin for B76 Company, considering the following transactions under three different cost allocation methods and using perpetual inventory updating. Provide calculations for first-in, first-out (FIFO).

Beginning Inventory is 420 units at cost of $200 each, sold 150 units for $401 each, purchased 250 units at $205 each, sold 275 units for $421 each, purchased 200 units at $215 each, sold 260 units for $441 each, Ending Inventory is 185 units.

PB10.

PB11.

PB12.

LO 10.3Compare the calculations for gross margin for B76 Company, based on the results of the perpetual inventory calculations using FIFO, LIFO, and AVG.

PB13.

LO 10.4Company Edgar reported the following cost of goods sold but later realized that an error had been made in ending inventory for year 2021. The correct inventory amount for 2021 was 12,000. Once the error is corrected, (a) how much is the restated cost of goods sold for 2021? and (b) how much is the restated cost of goods sold for 2022?

PB14.

LO 10.4Assuming a company’s year-end inventory were understated by $16,000, indicate the effect (overstated/understated/no effect) of the error on the following balance sheet and income statement accounts.

Income Statement: Cost of Goods Sold
Income Statement: Net Income
Balance Sheet: Assets
Balance Sheet: Liabilities
Balance Sheet: Equity

PB15.

LO 10.5Use the following information relating to Singh Company to calculate the inventory turnover ratio and the number of days’ sales in inventory ratio.

Table showing Sales, Cost of Goods Sold, and Average Inventory respectively for: 2021: $12,500, $8,750, $1,750; 2022: $14,000, $9,800, $2,200; 2023: $19,500, $13,650, $2,800; 2024: $20,500, $14,350, $3,000.

PB16.

LO 10.5Use the following information relating to Medinas Company to calculate the inventory turnover ratio, gross margin, and the number of days’ sales in inventory ratio, for years 2022 and 2023.

Table showing Sales, Cost of Goods Sold, and Average Inventory respectively for: 2021: $75,000, $52,500, $8,000; 2022: $90,000, $63,000, $9,500; 2023: $100,000, $70,000, $11,000.

Thought Provokers

TP1.

LO 10.1Search the SEC website (https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedga...anysearch.html) and locate the latest Form 10-K for a company you would like to analyze. When you are choosing, make sure the company sells a product (has inventory on the balance sheet and cost of goods sold on the income statement). Submit a short memo that states the following:

The name and ticker symbol of the company you have chosen.
Answer the following questions from the company’s statement of Form 10-K financial statements:
- What amount of merchandise inventory does the company report on their balance sheet?
- What amount of cost of goods sold does the company report on their income statement?

Provide the weblink to the company’s Form 10-K, to allow accurate verification of your answers.

TP2.

LO 10.2Assume your company uses the periodic inventory costing method, and the inventory count left out an entire warehouse of goods that were in stock at the end of the year, with a cost value of $222,000. How will this affect your net income in the current year? How will it affect next year’s net income?

TP3.

LO 10.3Search the internet for recent news items (within the past year) relating to inventory issues. Submit a short memo describing what you found and explaining why it is important to the future of inventory accounting or management. For example, this can be related to technology, bar code, RFID, shipping, supply chain, logistics, or other inventory-related topics that are currently trending. Provide the weblink to the source of your information.

TP4.

LO 10.3Search the internet for information about the technological breakthrough relating to inventory issues, referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). How do you think the development of such technology will change the way accountants manage inventory in the future? Provide the weblink to the source or sources of your information.

TP5.

LO 10.4Consider the dilemma you might someday face if you are the CFO of a company that is struggling to satisfy investors, creditors, stockholders, and internal company managers. All of these financial statement users are clamoring for higher profits and more net assets (also known as equity). If at some point, you suddenly found yourself not meeting the internal and external earnings and equity targets that these parties expect, you would probably search for some way to make the financial statements look better. What if your boss, the CEO, suggested that maybe you should make just one simple journal entry to record all the goods that your company is holding on consignment, as if that significant amount of goods were owned by your company? She might say that this action on your part would fix a lot of problems at once, since adding the consigned goods to merchandise inventory would simultaneously increase net assets on the balance sheet and increase net income on the income statement (since it would decrease cost of goods sold). How would you respond to this request?

Write a memo, detailing your willingness or not to embrace this suggestion, giving reasons behind your decision. Remember to exercise diplomacy, even if you must dissent from the opinion of a supervisor. Note that the challenge of the assignment is to keep your integrity intact while also keeping your job, if possible.

TP6.

LO 10.5Use a spreadsheet and the following excerpts from Hileah Company’s financial information to build a template that automatically calculates (A) inventory turnover and (B) number of days’ sales in inventory, for the year 2018.

Table showing the following for 12/31/18 and 12/31/17, respectively: Cash plus Accounts Receivable plus Merchandise Inventory equals Total Assets. Accounts Payable plus Common Stock plus Retained Earnings equals Total Liabilities and Equity. Additional information: Cost of Goods Sold 12/31/18: $10,000, 22,000, 15,900, 47,900, 4,500, 10,000, 33,400, 47,900, 177,000. 12/31/17: $14,000, 17,000, 14,200, 45,200, 5,500, 10,000, 29,700, 45,200.

TP7.

LO 10.5Search the SEC website (https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedga...anysearch.html) and locate the latest Form 10-K for a company you would like to analyze. Submit a short memo that states the following:

The name and ticker symbol of the company you have chosen.
Describe two items relating to inventory from the company’s notes to financial statements:
- one familiar item that you expected to be in the notes to the financial statement, based on this chapter’s coverage; and
- one unfamiliar item that you did not expect to be in the notes to the financial statements.
Provide the weblink to the company’s Form 10-K, to allow accurate verification of your answers

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