The page provides an overview of various ethical theories and their prominent thinkers. It discusses Aristotle's virtue ethics, emphasizing the importance of practicing virtue to develop ethical behav...The page provides an overview of various ethical theories and their prominent thinkers. It discusses Aristotle's virtue ethics, emphasizing the importance of practicing virtue to develop ethical behavior. Bentham and Mill's utilitarianism is highlighted for its focus on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number, with Mill adding a distinction between higher and lower pleasures. Kant's deontology stresses duty and moral motives over consequences, introducing the categorical imperative.
The section discusses John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, contrasting it with utilitarianism and addressing the issue of redistribution of resources. Rawls's approach emphasizes fairness and j...The section discusses John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, contrasting it with utilitarianism and addressing the issue of redistribution of resources. Rawls's approach emphasizes fairness and justice, relying on Enlightenment ideas and social contract theory. Key concepts include the original position, the veil of ignorance, and unanimity in social agreements.
