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- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/10%3A_Sex_Offenses_and_Crimes_Involving_Force_Fear_and_Physical_Restraint/10.02%3A_Assault_and_BatteryThis page explains the distinct legal definitions and elements of battery, attempted battery assault, and threatened battery assault. Battery involves unlawful touching and can vary in grading from mi...This page explains the distinct legal definitions and elements of battery, attempted battery assault, and threatened battery assault. Battery involves unlawful touching and can vary in grading from misdemeanor to felony based on harm severity. Assault is categorized into attempted and threatened types, emphasizing intent and victim's apprehension. Key concepts include defenses to battery, grading distinctions, and practical examples to illustrate legal outcomes.
- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/08%3A_Inchoate_Offenses/8.03%3A_SolicitationThis page discusses solicitation as an inchoate crime involving the encouragement of another to commit a crime, requiring specific intent and actions. Voluntary renunciation may serve as a defense if ...This page discusses solicitation as an inchoate crime involving the encouragement of another to commit a crime, requiring specific intent and actions. Voluntary renunciation may serve as a defense if it prevents the solicited crime. Jurisdictional differences exist in grading solicitation offenses, either aligned with the severity of the solicited crime or through different classifications. The concept is also connected to attempts and conspiracy within legal frameworks.
- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/04%3A_The_Elements_of_a_Crime/4.02%3A_Criminal_IntentThis page summarizes various aspects of criminal intent (mens rea) in law, emphasizing its significance, classifications under the Model Penal Code (purposely, knowingly, recklessly, negligently), and...This page summarizes various aspects of criminal intent (mens rea) in law, emphasizing its significance, classifications under the Model Penal Code (purposely, knowingly, recklessly, negligently), and the concepts of strict liability, transferred intent, and vicarious liability. It discusses the importance of intent in determining culpability and legal outcomes, and highlights key court cases, such as State v. Horner and Dean v. U.S.
- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/04%3A_The_Elements_of_a_Crime/4.03%3A_Causation_and_HarmThis page explores causation in criminal law, differentiating between factual cause (direct link to harm) and legal cause (foreseeability). It covers the intervening superseding cause that can relieve...This page explores causation in criminal law, differentiating between factual cause (direct link to harm) and legal cause (foreseeability). It covers the intervening superseding cause that can relieve liability if unforeseen events occur and discusses homicide liability limits based on the timing of a victim's death. Two legal cases, Bullock v. State and Commonwealth v. Casanova, examine how unlawful behavior and prior precedents affect legal causation and liability in death cases.
- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/05%3A_Criminal_Defenses_Part_1/5.05%3A_ConsentThis page discusses how consent can legally defend against criminal conduct when given knowingly and voluntarily, particularly in sexual offenses and non-serious harm cases. It emphasizes that consent...This page discusses how consent can legally defend against criminal conduct when given knowingly and voluntarily, particularly in sexual offenses and non-serious harm cases. It emphasizes that consent is only valid if the victim is competent; intoxicated or threatened individuals cannot consent. The page provides examples illustrating the boundaries of consent in legal scenarios, highlighting its importance in understanding liability and protection from battery.
- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/11%3A_Crimes_against_Property/11.03%3A_Crimes_That_Invade_or_Damage_PropertyThis page summarizes legal elements of burglary, criminal trespass, arson, and criminal mischief, detailing definitions, intent requirements, and grading of offenses. Burglary involves unauthorized en...This page summarizes legal elements of burglary, criminal trespass, arson, and criminal mischief, detailing definitions, intent requirements, and grading of offenses. Burglary involves unauthorized entry with criminal intent, while criminal trespass does not require severe intent. Arson entails intentionally burning property, with variability in degree based on circumstances. The text also highlights the broader spectrum of criminal mischief and ethical concerns related to classified information
- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/10%3A_Sex_Offenses_and_Crimes_Involving_Force_Fear_and_Physical_Restraint/10.04%3A_Kidnapping_and_False_ImprisonmentThis page discusses kidnapping and false imprisonment, distinguishing their legal definitions and implications. Kidnapping involves taking someone unlawfully, often for ransom, while false imprisonmen...This page discusses kidnapping and false imprisonment, distinguishing their legal definitions and implications. Kidnapping involves taking someone unlawfully, often for ransom, while false imprisonment is limited to confinement without movement. Consent can be a defense for both, and parental interference is also criminalized. A case is highlighted where a defendant was convicted of kidnapping his biological child, illustrating the complexities of parental rights in law.
- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/09%3A_Criminal_Homicide/9.02%3A_MurderThis page outlines the elements of murder, including intent, causation, and harm, as well as definitions of justifiable and excusable homicides. It discusses the insanity defense and "usable homicide,...This page outlines the elements of murder, including intent, causation, and harm, as well as definitions of justifiable and excusable homicides. It discusses the insanity defense and "usable homicide," where an insane defendant's actions are noncriminal. The transmission of AIDS in relation to murder and manslaughter is noted, and the declining murder rate in the U.S. from 2006 to 2009 is mentioned.
- https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Criminal_Law/Introduction_to_Criminal_Law/08%3A_Inchoate_Offenses/8.01%3A_AttemptThis page covers inchoate crimes such as attempts, conspiracies, and solicitations, focusing on tests like res ipsa loquitur, probable desistance, and substantial steps that determine criminal intent....This page covers inchoate crimes such as attempts, conspiracies, and solicitations, focusing on tests like res ipsa loquitur, probable desistance, and substantial steps that determine criminal intent. It discusses legal concepts like voluntary abandonment, legal and factual impossibility, and the grading of attempted crimes across jurisdictions. Examples include hiring a hitman and cases of attempted production of meth and assault with intent to kidnap.
