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10.13: Reading- Generating and Screening Ideas

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    Pink wall with black block letters that read "Big Ideas Need Big Spaces."

    Introduction

    The first phase of the new product development process is creating a viable product concept that can move through the development phase. This phase includes the following:

    • Stage 1: Generating New Product Ideas
    • Stage 2: Screening Product Ideas
    • Stage 3: Concept Development and Testing

    This early phase of the process differs from later phases in several ways. First, it requires immense creativity. Each of the later phases focuses on screening out ideas, but this is a generative stage whose goal is the production of new ideas. Second, the early phase of the process is difficult to plan and manage. On what day will the innovative product idea emerge? That can’t be planned or scheduled.

    The Fuzzy Front End

    Researcher Peter Koen refers to this first phase as the Fuzzy Front End (FFE) of the product development process. In his work he has identified a number of characteristics that differentiate the FFE from later phases of product development. These are shown in the table below.

    Difference Between the Fuzzy Front End and the New-Product Development Process[1]

    Fuzzy Front End vs. New-Product Development Traits
    Fuzzy Front End (FFE) New-Product Development (NPD)
    Nature of Work Experimental, often chaotic. “Eureka” moments. Can schedule work—but not invention. Disciplined and goal oriented with a project plan.
    Commercialization Date Unpredictable or uncertain. High degree of certainty.
    Funding Variable—in the beginning phases many projects may be “bootlegged,” while others will need funding to proceed. Budgeted.
    Revenue Expectations Often uncertain, with a great deal of speculation. Predictable, with increasing certainty, analysis, and documentation as the product release date gets closer.
    Activity Individuals and team conducting research to minimize risk and optimize potential. Multifunction product and/or process development team.
    Measures of Progress Strengthened concepts. Milestone achievement.

    As the product concept moves through the stages of the product development process, everything will become more refined and more certain. The time line, the budget, and the performance expectations will all become more concrete, but in the early phase it is important to allow for the ambiguity that supports creativity.

    Creating Successful Product Concepts

    How can businesses influence the success of the new business idea? Koen suggests a number of factors that play a role: the corporation’s organizational capabilities, customer and competitor influences, the outside world’s influences, and the depth and strength of enabling sciences and technology.[2]

    Organizational Capabilities

    You may have noticed that some companies are able to launch one dominant product after another. Other companies struggle to create any products that compete well or have one amazing product and then disappear. Companies develop processes to manage new products, hire leaders to manage new-product development, and develop a culture based on their institutional values and norms around new products. All of these factors tip the scale toward success or failure. If leaders ask employees to take risks with cutting-edge product ideas but fire those whose ideas are not successful, they will not draw out risky ideas that might lead to the greatest success. Also, the best ideas are often refinements of and enhancements to other ideas. If individual performance is rewarded over team success, there is less likelihood of idea sharing and collaboration.

    Customer and Competitor Influences

    Photo of a solar panel. Along the lefthand side are the words "Solar Powered."

    Innovation by a competitor can spur new ideas and possibilities across the industry. Similarly, customers seeking innovation who are willing to share ideas with their vendors can accelerate the generation of new product ideas and bring a voice of reality that increases the chance of success.

    Outside World Influences

    There are a range of influences outside of the company that affect the ease with which new ideas can be developed. Government regulations can positively or negatively influence new-product and idea generation. Society, culture, and the economic environment can create a rich environment for new ideas.

    Enabling Sciences and Technologies

    Enabling technologies refer to those technologies that can be used to develop new products. When employees have access to technologies that expose them to new ideas, or technologies that allow rapid development and iteration of new ideas, this can be instrumental in sparking the development of new products. Often companies invest in technology components that can be reused across multiple products. Such technology has the effect of both speeding the new-product development process and facilitating the addition of refinements and enhancements to existing products.

    Evaluating Product Concepts

    The goal of the initial product development process is to generate ideas, actively evaluate the ideas, and create a viable product concept. In the past it was difficult to get a clear reading on how products might perform until late in the product development process. That is less true today. Consider the following examples of innovations that accelerate market feedback on new products:

    Kickstarter is a crowd-funding platform that allows entrepreneurs to pitch a new product concept to potential funders. The entrepreneur receives immediate feedback on the idea from a broad market and, if it generates enough support, funding to bring the product to market.

    Etsy offers an e-commerce platform from which entrepreneurs can sell products on the Internet without having to develop their own e-commerce Web sites to present products or process payments.

    3-D printers create physical products from digital files. These products can be tested and refined with users much more quickly and economically than traditionally manufactured prototypes and products. The video below demonstrates a number of interesting examples.

    A link to an interactive elements can be found at the bottom of this page.

    You can view the transcript for “7 Shocking 3D Printed Things” here (opens in new window).

    On a larger scale, there are a number of Web application frameworks that allow programmers to quickly develop Internet applications, significantly speeding the pace at which software companies can prototype and develop new features.

    Once a product concept has been successfully evaluated, it moves to the next phase of development.

    1. Fuzzy Front End: Effective Methods, Tools, and Techniques Peter A.Koen, Greg M.Ajamian, Scott Boyce, Allen Clamen, Eden Fisher, Stavros Fountoulakis, Albert Johnson, Pushpinder Puri, and Rebecca Seibert ↵
    2. Ibid. ↵

    Contributors and Attributions

    CC licensed content, Original
    • Reading: Generating and Screening Ideas. Provided by: Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution
    CC licensed content, Shared previously
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    • 7 Shocking 3D Printed Things. Authored by: Freeze HD. Located at: https://youtu.be/xVU4FLrsPXs?t=1s. License: All Rights Reserved. License Terms: Standard YouTube License

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