Glossary

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Glossary Entries

Word(s)	Definition	Image	Caption	Link	Source
Ability	Involves the natural aptitude or acquired proficiency to be able to perform.
abstract	Referring to an intangible concept.
accommodation	The process by which you adapt or filter out new sources of information as they relate to your goal.
Acculturation	The transition to living abroad.
active listening and reading	Focusing your attention on the message you are hearing or reading, without distractions or interruptions.
active listening and reading	Focusing your attention on the message you are hearing or reading, without distractions or interruptions.
adjourning stage	Time when group members leave the group.
adjourning stage	Time when group members leave the group.
Adoption	Persuading the audience to take on a new way of thinking or adopt a new idea.
Adoption	Persuading the audience to take on a new way of thinking or adopt a new idea.
Affect displays	An expression of emotion or mood.
Affect displays	An expression of emotion or mood.
agenda setting	Selecting what the audience will see and hear and in what order.
agenda setting	Selecting what the audience will see and hear and in what order.
anarchy	Political state in which there is no government.
anarchy	Political state in which there is no government.
anomaly	Something that doesn’t fit, challenges the existing norm, or stands apart from the anticipated results.
anomaly	Something that doesn’t fit, challenges the existing norm, or stands apart from the anticipated results.
anticipation step	Raising the hand slightly to signal a nonverbal foreshadowing.
anticipation step	Raising the hand slightly to signal a nonverbal foreshadowing.
Appeal	Involves the attractive power of arousing a sympathetic, stimulated response from the audience.
Appeal	Involves the attractive power of arousing a sympathetic, stimulated response from the audience.
appeal to emotion	A word, sound, or image that arouses an emotional response in the audience.
appeal to emotion	A word, sound, or image that arouses an emotional response in the audience.
appointed leader	Individual designated by an authority to serve in the leadership capacity.
appointed leader	Individual designated by an authority to serve in the leadership capacity.
Appropriateness	Involves a topic that is especially suitable or compatible with your audience’s interest, expectations, norms, or customs.
Appropriateness	Involves a topic that is especially suitable or compatible with your audience’s interest, expectations, norms, or customs.
Arrangement	Order; the organization of visual (and verbal) elements.
Arrangement	Order; the organization of visual (and verbal) elements.
artifacts	Nonverbal representations of communication.
artifacts	Nonverbal representations of communication.
Artifacts	Nonverbal representations of communication.
Artifacts	Nonverbal representations of communication.
assertion	A declaration, a statement of fact, or claim of fact.
assertion	A declaration, a statement of fact, or claim of fact.
assume similarity	Thinking that people are all basically similar.
assume similarity	Thinking that people are all basically similar.
assurance	Statement that the contributing factors that gave rise to the situation has been corrected or where beyond the control of the company and its representatives.
assurance	Statement that the contributing factors that gave rise to the situation has been corrected or where beyond the control of the company and its representatives.
asynchronous	Occurring at different times.
asynchronous	Occurring at different times.
attention statement	The way you focus the audience’s attention on you and your speech.
attention statement	The way you focus the audience’s attention on you and your speech.
attitude	Your immediate disposition toward a concept or an object.
attitude	Your immediate disposition toward a concept or an object.
authority pages	Frequently cited documents.
authority pages	Frequently cited documents.
autocratic leader	Self-directed leader who establishes norms and conduct for the group.
autocratic leader	Self-directed leader who establishes norms and conduct for the group.
Auxiliary messages	Refer to the intentional and unintentional ways a primary message is communicated.
Auxiliary messages	Refer to the intentional and unintentional ways a primary message is communicated.
award	A symbol of approval, recognition, or distinction that honors the recipient in public.
award	A symbol of approval, recognition, or distinction that honors the recipient in public.
awareness	The ability to be conscious of events and stimuli.
awareness	The ability to be conscious of events and stimuli.
behavioral evaluation	Assesses the action, not the actor.
behavioral evaluation	Assesses the action, not the actor.
Beliefs	Ideas based on our previous experiences and convictions, not necessarily based on logic or fact.
Beliefs	Ideas based on our previous experiences and convictions, not necessarily based on logic or fact.
benefit	What the buyer gains with the purchase.
benefit	What the buyer gains with the purchase.
Bias	An unreasoned or not-well-thought-out judgment.
Bias	An unreasoned or not-well-thought-out judgment.
body	Main content area of a speech.
body	Main content area of a speech.
Body sentences	Sentences that support the topic sentence and relate clearly to the subject matter of the paragraph and overall document.
Body sentences	Sentences that support the topic sentence and relate clearly to the subject matter of the paragraph and overall document.
Business proposals	Document designed to make a persuasive appeal to the audience to achieve a defined outcome, often proposing a solution to a problem.
Business proposals	Document designed to make a persuasive appeal to the audience to achieve a defined outcome, often proposing a solution to a problem.
Bypassing	The misunderstanding that occurs when the receiver completely misses the source’s intended meaning.
Bypassing	The misunderstanding that occurs when the receiver completely misses the source’s intended meaning.
Casual language	Involves everyday words and expressions in a familiar group context.
Casual language	Involves everyday words and expressions in a familiar group context.
Centralized rule	Political system where power is concentrated, such as dictatorship, communism, or theocracy.
Centralized rule	Political system where power is concentrated, such as dictatorship, communism, or theocracy.
channel	The way in which a message or messages travel between source and receiver.
channel	The way in which a message or messages travel between source and receiver.
Chronemics	The study of how we refer to and perceive time.
Chronemics	The study of how we refer to and perceive time.
Clarity	Strategies that help the receiver (audience) to decode the message, to understand it quickly and completely, and when necessary, to react without ambivalence.
Clarity	Strategies that help the receiver (audience) to decode the message, to understand it quickly and completely, and when necessary, to react without ambivalence.
cliché	A once-clever word or phrase that has lost its impact through overuse.
cliché	A once-clever word or phrase that has lost its impact through overuse.
Closed-ended questions	Limit the responses to a preselected range of options or choices.
Closed-ended questions	Limit the responses to a preselected range of options or choices.
closure	Our tendency to use previous knowledge to fill in the gaps in an incomplete idea or picture.
closure	Our tendency to use previous knowledge to fill in the gaps in an incomplete idea or picture.
cognate strategies	Ways of framing, expressing and representing a message to an audience.
cognate strategies	Ways of framing, expressing and representing a message to an audience.
cognate strategies	Ways of framing, expressing and representing a message to an audience.
cognate strategies	Ways of framing, expressing and representing a message to an audience.
Colloquial language	An informal, conversational style of writing.
Colloquial language	An informal, conversational style of writing.
common law	Legal system in which the judge interprets the law and considers the concept of precedent, or previous decisions.
common law	Legal system in which the judge interprets the law and considers the concept of precedent, or previous decisions.
Communication	The process of understanding and sharing meaning.
Communication	The process of understanding and sharing meaning.
Compiling	Involves composing your speech out of materials from the documents and other sources you have collected.
Compiling	Involves composing your speech out of materials from the documents and other sources you have collected.
Compiling	Involves composing your speech out of materials from the documents and other sources you have collected.
Compiling	Involves composing your speech out of materials from the documents and other sources you have collected.
Conciseness	Being brief and direct in the visual and verbal delivery of your message, avoiding unnecessary intricacy.
Conciseness	Being brief and direct in the visual and verbal delivery of your message, avoiding unnecessary intricacy.
conclusion	Part of a speech that provides the audience with a sense of closure by summarizing the main points and relating the points to the overall topic.
conclusion	Part of a speech that provides the audience with a sense of closure by summarizing the main points and relating the points to the overall topic.
conclusion sentence	Sentence that brings the paragraph to a close.
conclusion sentence	Sentence that brings the paragraph to a close.
concrete terms	Describes something we can see and touch.
concrete terms	Describes something we can see and touch.
confirmation bias	When you only pay attention to information that reinforces your existing beliefs, and ignore or discredit information that contradicts your beliefs.
confirmation bias	When you only pay attention to information that reinforces your existing beliefs, and ignore or discredit information that contradicts your beliefs.
Conflict	The physical or psychological struggle associated with the perception of opposing or incompatible goals, desires, demands, wants, or needs.
Conflict	The physical or psychological struggle associated with the perception of opposing or incompatible goals, desires, demands, wants, or needs.
confounding factors	Factors that can alter the results; must be anticipated and controlled.
confounding factors	Factors that can alter the results; must be anticipated and controlled.
connotative meaning	A meaning often not found in the dictionary but in the community of users; it can involve an emotional association, and can be individual or collective, but is not universal.
connotative meaning	A meaning often not found in the dictionary but in the community of users; it can involve an emotional association, and can be individual or collective, but is not universal.
constructivist	Model of communication focusing on the negotiated meaning, or common ground, when trying to describe communication.
constructivist	Model of communication focusing on the negotiated meaning, or common ground, when trying to describe communication.
context	Involves the setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved.
context	Involves the setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved.
Contextual rules	Govern meaning and word choice according to context and social custom.
Contextual rules	Govern meaning and word choice according to context and social custom.
continuance	Persuading the audience to continue doing what they have been doing.
continuance	Persuading the audience to continue doing what they have been doing.
continuity	Tendency for our brain to see lines and movement where none exist.
continuity	Tendency for our brain to see lines and movement where none exist.
conventions	Conventional language patterns for a specific genre.
conventions	Conventional language patterns for a specific genre.
conventions	Conventional language patterns for a specific genre.
conventions	Conventional language patterns for a specific genre.
conversational tone	Writing style that resembles oral communication.
conversational tone	Writing style that resembles oral communication.
cookies	Small, time-encoded files that identify specific users.
cookies	Small, time-encoded files that identify specific users.
cost-benefit analysis	Method of ranking each possible solution according to its probable impact.
cost-benefit analysis	Method of ranking each possible solution according to its probable impact.
Credibility	Qualities, capabilities, or power to elicit from the audience belief in one’s character.
Credibility	Qualities, capabilities, or power to elicit from the audience belief in one’s character.
Credibility	Qualities, capabilities, or power to elicit from the audience belief in one’s character.
Credibility	Qualities, capabilities, or power to elicit from the audience belief in one’s character.
crisis communication plan	The prepared scenario document that organizes information into responsibilities and lines of communication prior to an event.
crisis communication plan	The prepared scenario document that organizes information into responsibilities and lines of communication prior to an event.
Critical thinking	“Self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking.”
Critical thinking	“Self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking.”
Critical thinking	“Self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking.”
Critical thinking	“Self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking.”
cultural value system	What you value and pay attention to.
cultural value system	What you value and pay attention to.
culture	“A set of beliefs and understandings a society has about the world, its place in it, and the various activities used to celebrate and reinforce those beliefs.”
culture	“A set of beliefs and understandings a society has about the world, its place in it, and the various activities used to celebrate and reinforce those beliefs.”
customer relationship management	The relationship between the organization (sometimes represented by the product or service itself) and the customer.
customer relationship management	The relationship between the organization (sometimes represented by the product or service itself) and the customer.
Democracy	Political system or form of government that promotes the involvement of the individual.
Democracy	Political system or form of government that promotes the involvement of the individual.
democratic leader	Individual elected by a group to serve as its leader.
democratic leader	Individual elected by a group to serve as its leader.
Democrats	People who share the need for control between the individual and the group.
Democrats	People who share the need for control between the individual and the group.
Demographic traits	Characteristics that make someone an individual, but that he or she has in common with others.
Demographic traits	Characteristics that make someone an individual, but that he or she has in common with others.
Deterrence	Persuading audience not to start something if they haven’t already started.
Deterrence	Persuading audience not to start something if they haven’t already started.
diagram	A visual depiction of how variables relate to each other or how something works.
diagram	A visual depiction of how variables relate to each other or how something works.
Direct feedback	A response that comes from the receiver.
Direct feedback	A response that comes from the receiver.
Discontinuance	Persuading the audience to stop doing something that they have been doing.
Discontinuance	Persuading the audience to stop doing something that they have been doing.
double negative	A phrase or sentence construction that employs two negatives to indicate a positive.
double negative	A phrase or sentence construction that employs two negatives to indicate a positive.
double-booking	Misunderstanding in which two meetings are scheduled at the same time in the same place.
double-booking	Misunderstanding in which two meetings are scheduled at the same time in the same place.
Doublespeak	The deliberate use of words to disguise, obscure, or change meaning.
Doublespeak	The deliberate use of words to disguise, obscure, or change meaning.
dyadic effect	The expectation that when we reveal something about ourselves, others will reciprocate.
dyadic effect	The expectation that when we reveal something about ourselves, others will reciprocate.
e-mail	Electronic mail.
e-mail	Electronic mail.
egalitarian	Believing in basic equality.
egalitarian	Believing in basic equality.
electronic slides	Images created from templates in a slideware program such as PowerPoint which present visual information to the audience.
electronic slides	Images created from templates in a slideware program such as PowerPoint which present visual information to the audience.
elevator speech	A presentation that persuades the listener in less than thirty seconds.
elevator speech	A presentation that persuades the listener in less than thirty seconds.
emblem	Nonverbal gesture that carries a specific meaning and can replace or reinforce words.
emblem	Nonverbal gesture that carries a specific meaning and can replace or reinforce words.
emergent leader	Individual who grows into the leadership role, often out of necessity.
emergent leader	Individual who grows into the leadership role, often out of necessity.
Emotional resistance	Occurs when the audience gets tired, often to the point of rejection, of hearing messages that attempt to elicit an emotional response.
Emotional resistance	Occurs when the audience gets tired, often to the point of rejection, of hearing messages that attempt to elicit an emotional response.
Emotional resistance	Occurs when the audience gets tired, often to the point of rejection, of hearing messages that attempt to elicit an emotional response.
Emotional resistance	Occurs when the audience gets tired, often to the point of rejection, of hearing messages that attempt to elicit an emotional response.
Emotions	A psychological and physical reaction, such as fear or anger, to stimuli that we experience as a feeling.
Emotions	A psychological and physical reaction, such as fear or anger, to stimuli that we experience as a feeling.
Emotions	A psychological and physical reaction, such as fear or anger, to stimuli that we experience as a feeling.
Emotions	A psychological and physical reaction, such as fear or anger, to stimuli that we experience as a feeling.
Empathetic listening	Listening to both the literal and implied meanings within a message.
Empathetic listening	Listening to both the literal and implied meanings within a message.
employment interview	An exchange between a candidate and a prospective employer (or their representative).
employment interview	An exchange between a candidate and a prospective employer (or their representative).
environment	Involves the physical and psychological aspects of the communication context.
environment	Involves the physical and psychological aspects of the communication context.
Environment	Involves the physical and psychological aspects of the communication context.
Environment	Involves the physical and psychological aspects of the communication context.
Ethics	Refers to a set of principles or rules for correct conduct.
Ethics	Refers to a set of principles or rules for correct conduct.
Ethnocentrism	The tendency to view other cultures as inferior to one’s own.
Ethnocentrism	The tendency to view other cultures as inferior to one’s own.
Ethnocentrism	The tendency to view other cultures as inferior to one’s own.
Ethnocentrism	The tendency to view other cultures as inferior to one’s own.
Etiquette	A conventional social custom or rule for polite behavior.
Etiquette	A conventional social custom or rule for polite behavior.
euphemism	Involves substituting an acceptable word for an offensive, controversial, or unacceptable one that conveys the same or similar meaning.
euphemism	Involves substituting an acceptable word for an offensive, controversial, or unacceptable one that conveys the same or similar meaning.
Evaluative feedback	Often involves judgment of the writer and his or her ethos, or credibility.
Evaluative feedback	Often involves judgment of the writer and his or her ethos, or credibility.
ex-member	Individual who no longer belongs to a group.
ex-member	Individual who no longer belongs to a group.
exclamatory sentences	Sentence that expresses a strong emotion.
exclamatory sentences	Sentence that expresses a strong emotion.
Expectations	Anticipation of the norms, roles and outcomes of the speaker and the speech.
Expectations	Anticipation of the norms, roles and outcomes of the speaker and the speech.
Exploitation	Taking advantage of someone or something; using someone else for one’s own purposes.
Exploitation	Taking advantage of someone or something; using someone else for one’s own purposes.
Exposition	A public exhibition or display, often expressing a complex topic in a way that makes the relationships and content clear.
Exposition	A public exhibition or display, often expressing a complex topic in a way that makes the relationships and content clear.
Exposure	Involves your condition of being presented with views, ideas, experiences, or made known to you through direct experience.
Exposure	Involves your condition of being presented with views, ideas, experiences, or made known to you through direct experience.
Exposure	Involves your condition of being presented with views, ideas, experiences, or made known to you through direct experience.
Exposure	Involves your condition of being presented with views, ideas, experiences, or made known to you through direct experience.
External communication	The sharing and understanding of meaning between individuals, departments, or representatives of the business and parties outside the organization.
External communication	The sharing and understanding of meaning between individuals, departments, or representatives of the business and parties outside the organization.
external communications	The sharing and understanding of meaning between individuals, departments, or representatives of the business and parties outside the organization.
external communications	The sharing and understanding of meaning between individuals, departments, or representatives of the business and parties outside the organization.
External feedback	A response from the receiver.
External feedback	A response from the receiver.
External stimuli	Involves stimulation from outside one’s self.
External stimuli	Involves stimulation from outside one’s self.
Eye contact	The speaker’s gaze that engages the audience members.
Eye contact	The speaker’s gaze that engages the audience members.
Face-saving strategies	Messages or statements that protect credibility and separate message from messenger.
Face-saving strategies	Messages or statements that protect credibility and separate message from messenger.
Facial gestures	Using your face to display feelings and attitudes nonverbally.
Facial gestures	Using your face to display feelings and attitudes nonverbally.
Fallacies	False logic.
Fallacies	False logic.
Fallacy	False logic.
Fallacy	False logic.
Feedback	The verbal and/or nonverbal response to a message.
Feedback	The verbal and/or nonverbal response to a message.
Feedback	The verbal and/or nonverbal response to a message.
Feedback	The verbal and/or nonverbal response to a message.
Feedback	The verbal and/or nonverbal response to a message.
Feedback	The verbal and/or nonverbal response to a message.
Feedback	The verbal and/or nonverbal response to a message.
Feedback	The verbal and/or nonverbal response to a message.
five-finger model of public speaking	Consists of the attention statement, introduction, body, conclusion, residual message.
five-finger model of public speaking	Consists of the attention statement, introduction, body, conclusion, residual message.
Forums	Theme-based Web sites that gather a community of individuals dedicated to a common interest.
Forums	Theme-based Web sites that gather a community of individuals dedicated to a common interest.
Framing	Placing an imaginary set of boundaries, much like a frame around a picture or a window, around a story, of what is included and omitted, influencing the story itself.
Framing	Placing an imaginary set of boundaries, much like a frame around a picture or a window, around a story, of what is included and omitted, influencing the story itself.
Framing	Placing an imaginary set of boundaries, much like a frame around a picture or a window, around a story, of what is included and omitted, influencing the story itself.
Framing	Placing an imaginary set of boundaries, much like a frame around a picture or a window, around a story, of what is included and omitted, influencing the story itself.
Full members	Individual who is a known quantity, is familiar with the group’s norms, and feels free to express opinions.
Full members	Individual who is a known quantity, is familiar with the group’s norms, and feels free to express opinions.
Gatekeeping	“A process of determining what news, information, or entertainment will reach a mass audience.”
Gatekeeping	“A process of determining what news, information, or entertainment will reach a mass audience.”
General purposes	The overall goal of the communication interaction: to inform, persuade, entertain, facilitate interaction, or motivate a reader.
General purposes	The overall goal of the communication interaction: to inform, persuade, entertain, facilitate interaction, or motivate a reader.
global village	Characterized by information and transportation technologies that reduce the time and space required to interact.
global village	Characterized by information and transportation technologies that reduce the time and space required to interact.
Goals	What we value and are willing to work for, and varies widely across cultures.
Goals	What we value and are willing to work for, and varies widely across cultures.
Grammar	The written construction of meaning from words, involving customs that evolve and adapt to usage over time.
Grammar	The written construction of meaning from words, involving customs that evolve and adapt to usage over time.
grapevine	The unofficial, informal communication network within an organization, often characterized by rumor, gossip, and innuendo.
grapevine	The unofficial, informal communication network within an organization, often characterized by rumor, gossip, and innuendo.
grapevine	The unofficial, informal communication network within an organization, often characterized by rumor, gossip, and innuendo.
grapevine	The unofficial, informal communication network within an organization, often characterized by rumor, gossip, and innuendo.
group	Three or more individuals who affiliate, interact or cooperate in a familial, social, or work context.
group	Three or more individuals who affiliate, interact or cooperate in a familial, social, or work context.
Group communication	The exchange of information with those who are culturally, linguistically, and/or geographically alike.
Group communication	The exchange of information with those who are culturally, linguistically, and/or geographically alike.
Group communication	The exchange of information with those who are culturally, linguistically, and/or geographically alike.
Group communication	The exchange of information with those who are culturally, linguistically, and/or geographically alike.
Group socialization	Involves how the group members interact with one another and form relationships.
Group socialization	Involves how the group members interact with one another and form relationships.
Groupthink	Tendency to accept the group’s ideas and actions in spite of individual concerns.
Groupthink	Tendency to accept the group’s ideas and actions in spite of individual concerns.
gunnysacking (or backpacking)	The imaginary bag we all carry, into which we place unresolved conflicts or grievances over time.
gunnysacking (or backpacking)	The imaginary bag we all carry, into which we place unresolved conflicts or grievances over time.
haptics	Touch in communication interaction.
haptics	Touch in communication interaction.
honesty	Truthfulness; a key ingredient in trust.
honesty	Truthfulness; a key ingredient in trust.
Honesty	Truthfulness; a key ingredient in trust.
Honesty	Truthfulness; a key ingredient in trust.
implementation step	Holding one hand at waist level pointing outward, and raising it up with your palm forward, as in the “stop” gesture.
implementation step	Holding one hand at waist level pointing outward, and raising it up with your palm forward, as in the “stop” gesture.
implicit-rule culture	Rules are often understood and communicated nonverbally.
implicit-rule culture	Rules are often understood and communicated nonverbally.
Importance	Involves perceptions of worth, value, and usefulness.
Importance	Involves perceptions of worth, value, and usefulness.
Incorporation	The process by which you bring the information into a whole or complete topic.
Incorporation	The process by which you bring the information into a whole or complete topic.
Incorporation	The process by which you bring the information into a whole or complete topic.
Incorporation	The process by which you bring the information into a whole or complete topic.
Incubation	The process by which you cause an idea or ideas to develop in your mind.
Incubation	The process by which you cause an idea or ideas to develop in your mind.
Incubation	The process by which you cause an idea or ideas to develop in your mind.
Incubation	The process by which you cause an idea or ideas to develop in your mind.
independent verification	Looking up facts in a different source from the one where you got it.
independent verification	Looking up facts in a different source from the one where you got it.
indirect feedback	A response that does not come from directly from the receiver or source.
indirect feedback	A response that does not come from directly from the receiver or source.
individual differences	Attributes that cause different people to perceive things differently.
individual differences	Attributes that cause different people to perceive things differently.
individualistic cultures	This culture values individual freedom and personal independence.
individualistic cultures	This culture values individual freedom and personal independence.
infinitive	Form of verb without a reference to time; in its standard form it includes the auxiliary word “to.”
infinitive	Form of verb without a reference to time; in its standard form it includes the auxiliary word “to.”
Inter-rater reliability	The degree to which each evaluator evaluates the same in similar contexts.
Inter-rater reliability	The degree to which each evaluator evaluates the same in similar contexts.
Interest	Qualities that arouse attention, stimulate curiosity, or move an individual to a more excited state of mind.
Interest	Qualities that arouse attention, stimulate curiosity, or move an individual to a more excited state of mind.
Interference	Anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the message.
Interference	Anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the message.
Internal feedback	Feedback generated by the source in response to the message created by that same source.
Internal feedback	Feedback generated by the source in response to the message created by that same source.
Internal monologue	The self-talk of intrapersonal communication.
Internal monologue	The self-talk of intrapersonal communication.
Interpersonal communication	Communication between two people.
Interpersonal communication	Communication between two people.
Interpersonal communication	Communication between two people.
Interpersonal communication	Communication between two people.
Interpretive feedback	Requests confirmation or clarification of a message, often in the form of a question.
Interpretive feedback	Requests confirmation or clarification of a message, often in the form of a question.
intracultural communication	Communication within the same culture.
intracultural communication	Communication within the same culture.
intrapersonal communication	Communication with yourself.
intrapersonal communication	Communication with yourself.
Intrapersonal communication	Communication with yourself.
Intrapersonal communication	Communication with yourself.
Intrapersonal communication	Communication with yourself.
Intrapersonal communication	Communication with yourself.
introduction	Part of a speech that establishes a relationship with your audience and clearly states your topic.
introduction	Part of a speech that establishes a relationship with your audience and clearly states your topic.
Irregular verbs	Verbs that change a vowel or convert to another word when representing the past tense.
Irregular verbs	Verbs that change a vowel or convert to another word when representing the past tense.
Jargon	An occupation-specific language used by people in a given profession.
Jargon	An occupation-specific language used by people in a given profession.
kinesics	The study of body movements.
kinesics	The study of body movements.
laissez-faire	Individual who practices a “live and let live” style of leadership.
laissez-faire	Individual who practices a “live and let live” style of leadership.
language	A system of symbols, words, and/or gestures used to communicate meaning.
language	A system of symbols, words, and/or gestures used to communicate meaning.
leader-as-coach	Individual serving as a teacher, motivator, and keeper of the goals of the group.
leader-as-coach	Individual serving as a teacher, motivator, and keeper of the goals of the group.
leader-as-conductor	Central role of bringing people together for a common goal.
leader-as-conductor	Central role of bringing people together for a common goal.
leader-as-technician	Occurs when the leader has skills that others do not.
leader-as-technician	Occurs when the leader has skills that others do not.
Letters	Brief message sent to recipient(s) that are often outside the organization.
Letters	Brief message sent to recipient(s) that are often outside the organization.
Libel	The written form of defamation, or a false statement that damages a reputation.
Libel	The written form of defamation, or a false statement that damages a reputation.
logos	Logic and reason.
logos	Logic and reason.
looking-glass self	How we look to others and how they view us, treat us, and interact with us to gain insight of our own identity.
looking-glass self	How we look to others and how they view us, treat us, and interact with us to gain insight of our own identity.
Marginal group members	Individual who looks outside the group for fulfillment of personal needs.
Marginal group members	Individual who looks outside the group for fulfillment of personal needs.
Mass communication	Involves sending a single message to a group.
Mass communication	Involves sending a single message to a group.
master of ceremonies	Person designated to conduct a ritual gathering.
master of ceremonies	Person designated to conduct a ritual gathering.
meaning	What we share through communication.
meaning	What we share through communication.
measurable gain	A system of assessing the extent to which audience members respond to a persuasive message.
measurable gain	A system of assessing the extent to which audience members respond to a persuasive message.
media interview	A discussion involving questions and answers for the purpose of broadcast or publication.
media interview	A discussion involving questions and answers for the purpose of broadcast or publication.
meeting	Group communication in action around a defined agenda, at a set time, for an established duration.
meeting	Group communication in action around a defined agenda, at a set time, for an established duration.
memo	An abbreviation for memorandum; normally used for communicating policies, procedures, or related official business within an organization.
memo	An abbreviation for memorandum; normally used for communicating policies, procedures, or related official business within an organization.
message	The stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience.
message	The stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience.
metasearch	Returning search results from several search engines at once.
metasearch	Returning search results from several search engines at once.
microgroup	A small, independent group that has a link, affiliation, or association with a larger group.
microgroup	A small, independent group that has a link, affiliation, or association with a larger group.
Modifiers	Describes a subject in a sentence, or indicates how or when the subject carried out the action.
Modifiers	Describes a subject in a sentence, or indicates how or when the subject carried out the action.
monochromatic time	Interruptions are to be avoided, and everything has its own specific time.
monochromatic time	Interruptions are to be avoided, and everything has its own specific time.
Motivation	Involves the force, stimulus, or influence to bring about change.
Motivation	Involves the force, stimulus, or influence to bring about change.
Mutuality	Searching for common ground and understanding with the audience.
Mutuality	Searching for common ground and understanding with the audience.
Mutuality	Searching for common ground and understanding with the audience.
Mutuality	Searching for common ground and understanding with the audience.
negative news message	News that the audience does not want to hear, read, or receive.
negative news message	News that the audience does not want to hear, read, or receive.
Netiquette	Etiquette, or protocols and norms for communication, on the Internet.
Netiquette	Etiquette, or protocols and norms for communication, on the Internet.
new group member	Individual who is still learning the group’s norms and rules.
new group member	Individual who is still learning the group’s norms and rules.
Nonjudgmentalism	Being open-minded; willing to examine diverse perspectives.
Nonjudgmentalism	Being open-minded; willing to examine diverse perspectives.
Nonjudgmentalism	Being open-minded; willing to examine diverse perspectives.
Nonjudgmentalism	Being open-minded; willing to examine diverse perspectives.
Nonverbal communication	The process of conveying a message without the use of words.
Nonverbal communication	The process of conveying a message without the use of words.
norming stage	Time when the group establishes norms, or informal rules, for behavior and interaction.
norming stage	Time when the group establishes norms, or informal rules, for behavior and interaction.
Novelty	Quality of being new, unusual, or unfamiliar.
Novelty	Quality of being new, unusual, or unfamiliar.
Numerical questions	Request a specific number, often a birthdate or a serial number, that itself carries meaning.
Numerical questions	Request a specific number, often a birthdate or a serial number, that itself carries meaning.
object-adaptor	Use of an object for a purpose other than its intended design.
object-adaptor	Use of an object for a purpose other than its intended design.
Organization	The process of sorting information into logical categories or series.
Organization	The process of sorting information into logical categories or series.
Organizational communication	The study of the communication context, environment, and interaction within an organization.
Organizational communication	The study of the communication context, environment, and interaction within an organization.
organizing principle	A core assumption around which everything else is arranged.
organizing principle	A core assumption around which everything else is arranged.
outline	A framework that organizes main ideas and subordinate ideas in a hierarchical series.
outline	A framework that organizes main ideas and subordinate ideas in a hierarchical series.
outline	A framework that organizes main ideas and subordinate ideas in a hierarchical series.
outline	A framework that organizes main ideas and subordinate ideas in a hierarchical series.
Page views	A count of how many times a Web page is viewed, irrespective of the number of files it contains.
Page views	A count of how many times a Web page is viewed, irrespective of the number of files it contains.
paradigms	A clear point of view involving theories, laws, and/or generalizations that provide a framework for understanding.
paradigms	A clear point of view involving theories, laws, and/or generalizations that provide a framework for understanding.
Paralanguage	Involves verbal and nonverbal aspects of speech that influence meaning, including tone, intensity, pausing, and silence.
Paralanguage	Involves verbal and nonverbal aspects of speech that influence meaning, including tone, intensity, pausing, and silence.
Parallel construction	The use of the same grammatical pattern; it can be applied to words, phrases, and sentences.
Parallel construction	The use of the same grammatical pattern; it can be applied to words, phrases, and sentences.
paraphrase	To rewrite information in your own words.
paraphrase	To rewrite information in your own words.
passive voice	Sentence structure in which the subject receives the action.
passive voice	Sentence structure in which the subject receives the action.
Patch writing	Verbatim cut-and-paste insertion of fragments of other publications into one’s own writing without crediting the sources.
Patch writing	Verbatim cut-and-paste insertion of fragments of other publications into one’s own writing without crediting the sources.
pathos	Passion and enthusiasm.
pathos	Passion and enthusiasm.
performing stage	Time when the group accomplishes its mandate, fulfills its purpose, and reaches its goals.
performing stage	Time when the group accomplishes its mandate, fulfills its purpose, and reaches its goals.
personal individual	The person who strikes a healthy balance in terms of human interaction.
personal individual	The person who strikes a healthy balance in terms of human interaction.
personal space	The “bubble” of space surrounding each individual.
personal space	The “bubble” of space surrounding each individual.
Persuasion	An act or process of presenting arguments to move, motivate, or change your audience.
Persuasion	An act or process of presenting arguments to move, motivate, or change your audience.
phatic communion	Ritual small talk.
phatic communion	Ritual small talk.
physical characteristics	Eye color, hair length, height, and so forth.
physical characteristics	Eye color, hair length, height, and so forth.
Pitch	Frequency, high or low, of one’s voice.
Pitch	Frequency, high or low, of one’s voice.
plagiarism	Representing another’s work as your own.
plagiarism	Representing another’s work as your own.
plagiarism	Representing another’s work as your own.
plagiarism	Representing another’s work as your own.
point of view	Your perception of an idea or concept from your previous experience and understanding.
point of view	Your perception of an idea or concept from your previous experience and understanding.
Polychromatic time	A more fluid approach to scheduling time, where several things can be done at once, and each may have different levels of importance and urgency.
Polychromatic time	A more fluid approach to scheduling time, where several things can be done at once, and each may have different levels of importance and urgency.
potential member	Individual who is qualified to join a group but has not yet joined.
potential member	Individual who is qualified to join a group but has not yet joined.
precise words	Words that paint as vivid and accurate a mental picture as possible for your audience.
precise words	Words that paint as vivid and accurate a mental picture as possible for your audience.
predicted outcome value theory	Asserts that not only do we want to reduce uncertainty, we also want to maximize our possible benefit from the association.
predicted outcome value theory	Asserts that not only do we want to reduce uncertainty, we also want to maximize our possible benefit from the association.
pregnant pause	A silence between verbal messages that is full of meaning.
pregnant pause	A silence between verbal messages that is full of meaning.
Prejudice	A negative preconceived judgment or opinion that guides conduct or social behavior.
Prejudice	A negative preconceived judgment or opinion that guides conduct or social behavior.
Prejudice	A negative preconceived judgment or opinion that guides conduct or social behavior.McLean, S. (2005). The basics of interpersonal communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Prejudice	A negative preconceived judgment or opinion that guides conduct or social behavior.McLean, S. (2005). The basics of interpersonal communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
prepositional phrase	A phrase composed of a preposition and its object, which may be a noun, a pronoun, or a clause.
prepositional phrase	A phrase composed of a preposition and its object, which may be a noun, a pronoun, or a clause.
presentation to inform	An explanation, a report, a description, or a demonstration of how to do something.
presentation to inform	An explanation, a report, a description, or a demonstration of how to do something.
press conference	A presentation of information to the media.
press conference	A presentation of information to the media.
preunderstanding	A set of expectations and assumptions from previous experience that we apply to a new problem or situation.
preunderstanding	A set of expectations and assumptions from previous experience that we apply to a new problem or situation.
preview	An indication, verbal or nonverbal, of what the conversation is about, both in terms of content and of the relationship.
preview	An indication, verbal or nonverbal, of what the conversation is about, both in terms of content and of the relationship.
Primary messages	Refer to the intentional content in a message, both verbal and nonverbal.
Primary messages	Refer to the intentional content in a message, both verbal and nonverbal.
priming	An excited state of awareness.
priming	An excited state of awareness.
Probing feedback	Communicates targeted requests for specific information.
Probing feedback	Communicates targeted requests for specific information.
process	A dynamic activity that is hard to describe because it changes.
process	A dynamic activity that is hard to describe because it changes.
Production	Involves the act of creating your speech from the elements you have gathered; you may start to consider what comes first, what goes last, and how you will link your ideas and examples together.
Production	Involves the act of creating your speech from the elements you have gathered; you may start to consider what comes first, what goes last, and how you will link your ideas and examples together.
Production	Involves the act of creating your speech from the elements you have gathered; you may start to consider what comes first, what goes last, and how you will link your ideas and examples together.
Production	Involves the act of creating your speech from the elements you have gathered; you may start to consider what comes first, what goes last, and how you will link your ideas and examples together.
pronunciation	The way a word or phrase sounds when stated orally.
pronunciation	The way a word or phrase sounds when stated orally.
proxemics	The study of the human use of space and distance in communication.
proxemics	The study of the human use of space and distance in communication.
Proximity	The perceptual organization of information based on physical relationship of space to objects.
Proximity	The perceptual organization of information based on physical relationship of space to objects.
public communication	Communication in which one person speaks or writes a message to a group of people.
public communication	Communication in which one person speaks or writes a message to a group of people.
Punctuation marks	The traffic signals, signs, and indications that allow us to navigate the written word.
Punctuation marks	The traffic signals, signs, and indications that allow us to navigate the written word.
Qualitative research	Involves interactions, which by their very nature are subject to interpretation and, as a result, are less reliable and statistically valid.
Qualitative research	Involves interactions, which by their very nature are subject to interpretation and, as a result, are less reliable and statistically valid.
Qualitative research	Involves interactions, which by their very nature are subject to interpretation and, as a result, are less reliable and statistically valid.
Qualitative research	Involves interactions, which by their very nature are subject to interpretation and, as a result, are less reliable and statistically valid.
Quantitative research	Investigation and analysis of data and relationships between data that can be represented by numbers.
Quantitative research	Investigation and analysis of data and relationships between data that can be represented by numbers.
Quantitative research	Investigation and analysis of data and relationships between data that can be represented by numbers.
Quantitative research	Investigation and analysis of data and relationships between data that can be represented by numbers.
Quotes	Memorable sayings extracted from written or verbal messages.
Quotes	Memorable sayings extracted from written or verbal messages.
Racist language	Discriminates against members of a given race or ethnic group.
Racist language	Discriminates against members of a given race or ethnic group.
ratings	Measurements of the estimated number of viewers.
ratings	Measurements of the estimated number of viewers.
Readability	Readers’ ability to read and comprehend the document.
Readability	Readers’ ability to read and comprehend the document.
receiver	Receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source.
receiver	Receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source.
reciprocity	The mutual expectation for exchange of value or service.
reciprocity	The mutual expectation for exchange of value or service.
Reciprocity	The mutual expectation for exchange of value or service.
Reciprocity	The mutual expectation for exchange of value or service.
Reciprocity	The mutual expectation for exchange of value or service.
Reciprocity	The mutual expectation for exchange of value or service.
Reference	Attention to the source and way you present your information.
Reference	Attention to the source and way you present your information.
reflection	A mental review of the task and your performance.
reflection	A mental review of the task and your performance.
Regulators	Nonverbal expression that controls, encourages, or discourages interaction.
Regulators	Nonverbal expression that controls, encourages, or discourages interaction.
relaxation step	Lowering your hand past your waistline and away from your body.
relaxation step	Lowering your hand past your waistline and away from your body.
Relevance	Means that the information applies, relates, or has significance to the listener.
Relevance	Means that the information applies, relates, or has significance to the listener.
Reliability	The extent to which an assessment instrument measures the same way each time given the same variables, circumstances, or conditions.
Reliability	The extent to which an assessment instrument measures the same way each time given the same variables, circumstances, or conditions.
Reports	Document designed to record and convey information to the reader.
Reports	Document designed to record and convey information to the reader.
Research methodologies	The methods used in investigation.
Research methodologies	The methods used in investigation.
residual message	Idea or thought that stays with your audience well after the speech.
residual message	Idea or thought that stays with your audience well after the speech.
residual message	Idea or thought that stays with your audience well after the speech.
residual message	Idea or thought that stays with your audience well after the speech.
respect	Giving and displaying particular attention to the value you associate with someone or a group.
respect	Giving and displaying particular attention to the value you associate with someone or a group.
Respect	Giving and displaying particular attention to the value you associate with someone or a group.
Respect	Giving and displaying particular attention to the value you associate with someone or a group.
response rate	The number of replies in relation to the number of letters sent.
response rate	The number of replies in relation to the number of letters sent.
résumé	Document that summarizes your education, skills, talents, employment history, and experiences in a clear and concise format for potential employers.
résumé	Document that summarizes your education, skills, talents, employment history, and experiences in a clear and concise format for potential employers.
revise	Change one word for another, make subtle changes, and improve a document.
revise	Change one word for another, make subtle changes, and improve a document.
Revision	The process by which you look over your speech again in order to correct or improve it.
Revision	The process by which you look over your speech again in order to correct or improve it.
Revision	The process by which you look over your speech again in order to correct or improve it.
Revision	The process by which you look over your speech again in order to correct or improve it.
rhetoric	The art of presenting an argument.
rhetoric	The art of presenting an argument.
rhetorical situation	Involves three elements: the set of expectations inherent in the context, the audience, and the purpose of your speech or presentation.
rhetorical situation	Involves three elements: the set of expectations inherent in the context, the audience, and the purpose of your speech or presentation.
Rites of initiation	These mark the transition of the role or status of the individual within the group.
Rites of initiation	These mark the transition of the role or status of the individual within the group.
Roasts	Public proclamations that honor someone by ridiculing or criticizing them.
Roasts	Public proclamations that honor someone by ridiculing or criticizing them.
Role identities	Expected social behaviors. Another aspect of intercultural communication that can act as a barrier to effective communication.
Role identities	Expected social behaviors. Another aspect of intercultural communication that can act as a barrier to effective communication.
sales message	The central persuasive message that intrigues, informs, persuades, calls to action, and closes the sale.
sales message	The central persuasive message that intrigues, informs, persuades, calls to action, and closes the sale.
Scarcity	The perception of inadequate supply or a limited resource.
Scarcity	The perception of inadequate supply or a limited resource.
secondary groups	Groups that meet some, but not all, of individuals’ needs.
secondary groups	Groups that meet some, but not all, of individuals’ needs.
Secondary messages	Refer to the unintentional content in a message, both verbal and nonverbal.
Secondary messages	Refer to the unintentional content in a message, both verbal and nonverbal.
selection	Action of sorting competing messages or choosing stimuli.
selection	Action of sorting competing messages or choosing stimuli.
Selective retention	Involves choosing to remember one stimulus over another.
Selective retention	Involves choosing to remember one stimulus over another.
self	One’s own sense of individuality, personal characteristics, motivations, and actions.
self	One’s own sense of individuality, personal characteristics, motivations, and actions.
self	One’s own sense of individuality, personal characteristics, motivations, and actions.
self	One’s own sense of individuality, personal characteristics, motivations, and actions.
Self-actualization	Involves reaching your full potential, feeling accepted for who you are, and perceiving a degree of control or empowerment in your environment.
Self-actualization	Involves reaching your full potential, feeling accepted for who you are, and perceiving a degree of control or empowerment in your environment.
self-concept	What we perceive ourselves to be.
self-concept	What we perceive ourselves to be.
self-concept	What we perceive ourselves to be.
self-concept	What we perceive ourselves to be.
Self-disclosure	Information, thoughts, or feelings we tell others about ourselves that they would not otherwise know.
Self-disclosure	Information, thoughts, or feelings we tell others about ourselves that they would not otherwise know.
self-esteem	How you feel about yourself; your feelings of self-worth, self-acceptance, and self-respect.
self-esteem	How you feel about yourself; your feelings of self-worth, self-acceptance, and self-respect.
self-fulfilling prophecy	Phenomenon in which someone’s behavior comes to match and mirror others’ expectations.
self-fulfilling prophecy	Phenomenon in which someone’s behavior comes to match and mirror others’ expectations.
Semantic rules	Govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them.
Semantic rules	Govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them.
semantic triangle	Three-part model in which a symbol refers to a thought, which in turn refers to the thing it symbolizes.
semantic triangle	Three-part model in which a symbol refers to a thought, which in turn refers to the thing it symbolizes.
Sensitivity	Your capacity to respond to stimulation, be excited, be responsive, or be susceptible to new information.
Sensitivity	Your capacity to respond to stimulation, be excited, be responsive, or be susceptible to new information.
serif	A small cross line, often perpendicular to the stroke of the letter, that is decorative but also makes the letter easier to read.
serif	A small cross line, often perpendicular to the stroke of the letter, that is decorative but also makes the letter easier to read.
Sexist language	Uses gender as a discriminating factor.
Sexist language	Uses gender as a discriminating factor.
sharing	Doing something together with one or more other people.
sharing	Doing something together with one or more other people.
Signposts (or indicators)	Key words that alert the audience to a change in topic, a tangential explanation, an example, or a conclusion.
Signposts (or indicators)	Key words that alert the audience to a change in topic, a tangential explanation, an example, or a conclusion.
Similarity	The perceptual organization of information based on perceived points of common characteristics across distinct items.
Similarity	The perceptual organization of information based on perceived points of common characteristics across distinct items.
Slang	The use of existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect.
Slang	The use of existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect.
Slang	The use of existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect.
Slang	The use of existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect.
social comparisons	Evaluating ourselves in relation to our peers of similar status, similar characteristics, or similar qualities.
social comparisons	Evaluating ourselves in relation to our peers of similar status, similar characteristics, or similar qualities.
social networking site	A site where people gather virtually to interact.
social networking site	A site where people gather virtually to interact.
social penetration theory	Theory by Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor which describes how we move from superficial talk to intimate and revealing talk.
social penetration theory	Theory by Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor which describes how we move from superficial talk to intimate and revealing talk.
social person	Person who strikes a healthy balance between being withdrawn and being the constant center of attention.
social person	Person who strikes a healthy balance between being withdrawn and being the constant center of attention.
socialization	The process of learning to associate, communicate, or interact within a group.
socialization	The process of learning to associate, communicate, or interact within a group.
sociocentrism	Involves the use of society-centered standards.
sociocentrism	Involves the use of society-centered standards.
soft sell message	A subtle, low-pressure method of selling, cross-selling, or advertising a product or service.
soft sell message	A subtle, low-pressure method of selling, cross-selling, or advertising a product or service.
source	Person who imagines, creates, and sends the message.
source	Person who imagines, creates, and sends the message.
speaker introduction	Establishes the speaker’s credibility, motivates audience interest, and says what the speaker could not say.
speaker introduction	Establishes the speaker’s credibility, motivates audience interest, and says what the speaker could not say.
stage	The setting, scene, and context of the communication interaction.
stage	The setting, scene, and context of the communication interaction.
Statistically significant findings	Conclusions that have a high level of reliability, in that if the same test is applied in the same context to the same subjects, the results will come out the same time and time again.
Statistically significant findings	Conclusions that have a high level of reliability, in that if the same test is applied in the same context to the same subjects, the results will come out the same time and time again.
Stereotypes	Generalizations about a group of people that oversimplify their culture
Stereotypes	Generalizations about a group of people that oversimplify their culture
storming stage	Time of struggles as group members themselves sort out their differences.
storming stage	Time of struggles as group members themselves sort out their differences.
summarize	To reduce a concept, idea, or data set to its most basic point or element.
summarize	To reduce a concept, idea, or data set to its most basic point or element.
supportive communication	Focuses on the points and not personalities.
supportive communication	Focuses on the points and not personalities.
Supportive feedback	Communicates encouragement in response to a message.
Supportive feedback	Communicates encouragement in response to a message.
Syntactic rules	Govern the order of words in a sentence.
Syntactic rules	Govern the order of words in a sentence.
syntax	The grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence.
syntax	The grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence.
tailor your message	Zeroing in on your target audience.
tailor your message	Zeroing in on your target audience.
Targeted practice	Identifying one’s weak areas and specifically working to improve them.
Targeted practice	Identifying one’s weak areas and specifically working to improve them.
Templates	The normative expectations for a specific type of document.
Templates	The normative expectations for a specific type of document.
Territory	The space you claim as your own, are responsible for, or are willing to defend.
Territory	The space you claim as your own, are responsible for, or are willing to defend.
texting	Written communication in the form of brief messages using a digital device.
texting	Written communication in the form of brief messages using a digital device.
theory of learning styles	The idea that people learn better if the message is presented in a strategy that fits with the types of intelligence in which they are strongest.
theory of learning styles	The idea that people learn better if the message is presented in a strategy that fits with the types of intelligence in which they are strongest.
Theory X	Asserts that workers are motivated by their basic (low-level) needs and have a general disposition against labor.
Theory X	Asserts that workers are motivated by their basic (low-level) needs and have a general disposition against labor.
Theory Y	Views employees as ambitious, self-directed, and capable of self-motivation.
Theory Y	Views employees as ambitious, self-directed, and capable of self-motivation.
Theory Z	Combines elements of both Theory X and Y; views workers as having a high need for reinforcement and belonging.
Theory Z	Combines elements of both Theory X and Y; views workers as having a high need for reinforcement and belonging.
thesis statement	A short, specific sentence capturing the central idea of your speech.
thesis statement	A short, specific sentence capturing the central idea of your speech.
Toasts	Formal expressions of goodwill, appreciation, or calls for group attention to an issue or person in a public setting, often followed by synchronous consumption of beverages.
Toasts	Formal expressions of goodwill, appreciation, or calls for group attention to an issue or person in a public setting, often followed by synchronous consumption of beverages.
Tone	The general manner of expression of the message.
Tone	The general manner of expression of the message.
topic sentence	Sentence that states the main thesis, purpose, or subject of the paragraph.
topic sentence	Sentence that states the main thesis, purpose, or subject of the paragraph.
transactional	Model of communication in which actions happen at the same time.
transactional	Model of communication in which actions happen at the same time.
Transitions	Bridges between ideas, thoughts or concepts; words, phrases, or visual devices that help the audience follow the speaker’s ideas, connect the main points to each other, and see the relationships in a speech.
Transitions	Bridges between ideas, thoughts or concepts; words, phrases, or visual devices that help the audience follow the speaker’s ideas, connect the main points to each other, and see the relationships in a speech.
Transitions	Bridges between ideas, thoughts or concepts; words, phrases, or visual devices that help the audience follow the speaker’s ideas, connect the main points to each other, and see the relationships in a speech.
Transitions	Bridges between ideas, thoughts or concepts; words, phrases, or visual devices that help the audience follow the speaker’s ideas, connect the main points to each other, and see the relationships in a speech.
trigger	A word, sound, or image that causes an activity, precipitates an event or interaction, or provokes a reaction between two or more people.
trigger	A word, sound, or image that causes an activity, precipitates an event or interaction, or provokes a reaction between two or more people.
Trust	The ability to rely on the character or truth of someone.
Trust	The ability to rely on the character or truth of someone.
Typeface	The visual design of symbols, including letters and numbers.
Typeface	The visual design of symbols, including letters and numbers.
Uncertainty theory	States that we choose to know more about others with whom we have interactions in order to reduce or resolve the anxiety associated with the unknown.
Uncertainty theory	States that we choose to know more about others with whom we have interactions in order to reduce or resolve the anxiety associated with the unknown.
understanding	To perceive, to interpret, and to relate our perception and interpretation to what we already know.
understanding	To perceive, to interpret, and to relate our perception and interpretation to what we already know.
Understanding feedback	Communicates sympathy and empathy for the source of the message.
Understanding feedback	Communicates sympathy and empathy for the source of the message.
Validity	The extent to which a point, concept, conclusion, or indication of measurement is accurate based on rigorous examination.
Validity	The extent to which a point, concept, conclusion, or indication of measurement is accurate based on rigorous examination.
Values	Core concepts and ideas of what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, or what is worth the sacrifice.
Values	Core concepts and ideas of what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, or what is worth the sacrifice.
Verb tense	Refers to the point in time where action occurs.
Verb tense	Refers to the point in time where action occurs.
verbatim	Word for word.
verbatim	Word for word.
Viral messages	Words, sounds, or images that compel the audience to pass them along.
Viral messages	Words, sounds, or images that compel the audience to pass them along.
volume	Loudness or softness of one’s voice.
volume	Loudness or softness of one’s voice.
Web server	A computer dedicated to serving the online requests for information via the Internet.
Web server	A computer dedicated to serving the online requests for information via the Internet.
white space	The space on the page free of text.
white space	The space on the page free of text.
Writing style	Also known as voice or tone; the manner in which a writer addresses the reader.
Writing style	Also known as voice or tone; the manner in which a writer addresses the reader.